To study the clinical manifestations and incidence of opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS seropositive proven hospitalized children. Proven HIV seropositive children aged between 18 months to 12 years, admitted between April 2004 to June 2005 (15months) to pediatric medical ward, KIMS, Hubli, were enrolled. Socio-demographic characteristics and clinical manifestations were recorded in the predesigned proforma. A complete physical examination and laboratory investigations were performed at the time of admission. Children were categorized as per 1994 revised CDC classification of pediatric HIV infection. Number of HIV seropositive children admitted during study period was 71. Vertical transmission was noted in 94.37%, which is the major route of transmission. The common symptoms noted were persistent fever (70.42%), persistent cough (59.15%), loss of appetite (59.15%), loss of weight (56.33%) and recurrent diarrhea (30.99%). The common signs present were, hepatomegaly (69.04%), skin lesions (59.15%), lymphadenopathy (57.75%) and severe malnutrition (54.93%). The common opportunistic infections observed were tuberculosis (38.03%), recurrent diarrhea (30.99%), oral candidiasis (21.13%) and recurrent bacterial pneumonia (12.68%). Six (8.45%) children died during the study period, which included 4 (5.63%) cases of HIV-encephalopathy. Vertical transmission was the major route of HIV infection. Persistent fever, cough, loss of appetite and loss of weight were common presenting clinical features. Tuberculosis was the commonest opportunistic infection.

Clinico-laboratory profile of pediatric HIV in Karnataka.

Objective
The ascariasis is one of the most cosmopolitan intestinal parasite infections and it can be in inhospitable regions inhabited by human being, but its biggest prevalence is observed in the tropical and subtropical areas. Intestinal obstruction has been estimated to occur in 2 per 1000 ascaris-infected children per year. We are presenting a study emphasizing the conservative treatment for complete intestinal obstruction due to roundworms without sign and symptom of peritonitis and perforation.

Conservative treatment for round worm intestinal obstruction.

SUMMARY Objective.To determine intestinal helminthiasis frequency and its association with malnutrition and iron deficiency. Material and Methods. An analytical cross-over study was carried out on children in the municipality of Comala, Colima, Mexico. Coproparasitoscopic exams in series of three using the Kato-Katz technique were performed in all children. To evaluate the degree of malnutrition, the following anthropometric indices were determined: means and z-scores for weight/height, height/age, weight/age. Severe, moderate and minimal iron deficiency was considered when ferritin was: ≤ 12 ng/ml, 12 to 18 ng/mL and 19 to 24 ng/mL, respectively. Results. 243 children were studied with an average age of 65.3 ± 8.7 months. 60.9% (n = 148) of the children showed a decrease in ferritin levels and 2.5% (n = 6) had anemia. 16% (n = 39) had trichuriasis, 6.9% (n = 17) ascariasis and 5.3% (n = 13) had both parasites. Trichiura infection was associated with declining health (OR 11.0, CI 3.9-30.8; p<0.001) and with iron deficiency, with cutoff points of <24 ng ( OR 2.0, CI 1.0-3.9, p = 0.02) and <18 ng/ dL (OR 2.2, CI 1.2-4.2, p= 0.009). Ascaris infection was not associated with malnutrition or iron deficiency. Conclusions. Trichiura infection was associated with declining health and slight and moderate degrees of iron deficiency.

/pdf/frecuencia-de-helmintiasis-intestinal-y-su-asociacion-con-pf57gvsnad.pdf

Frecuencia de helmintiasis intestinal y su asociación con deficiencia de hierro y desnutrición en niños de la región occidente de México

Objective
To estimate the prevalence and identify correlates of environmental tobacco exposure (ETS) among adolescents in Mongolia.

Prevalence and correlates of environmental tobacco smoke exposure among adolescents in Mangolia

The low prevalence of vasectomy among Latino men in the United States is often attributed to cultural characteristics despite limited evidence supporting this hypothesis. We assessed male partners' perceived willingness to undergo vasectomy through surveys with 470 Mexican-origin women who did not want more children in El Paso, Texas. Overall, 32% of women reported that their partner would be interested in getting a vasectomy. In multivariable analysis, completing high school (OR=2.03 [1.05, 3.95]), having some college education (OR=2.97 [1.36, 6.48]) or receiving US government assistance (OR=1.95 [1.1, 3.45]) was associated with partners' perceived interest. Additionally, we conducted two focus groups on men's knowledge and attitudes about vasectomy with partners of a subsample of these women. Despite some misperceptions, male partners were willing to get a vasectomy, but were concerned about cost and taking time off work to recover. Health education and affordable vasectomy services could increase vasectomy use among Mexican-origin men.

/pdf/perceived-interest-in-vasectomy-among-latina-women-and-their-16te5h9z4r.pdf

Perceived Interest in Vasectomy among Latina Women and their Partners in a Community with Limited Access to Female Sterilization.

Introduction. The purpose of this work was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in children of 3 cities of the state of Colima (in the pacific coast of Mexico). Material and methods. This is a transversal study performed from January to December of 1998 in which 667 children were randomly included. A fecal sample was collected from each child and a coproparasitoscopic study, using the Kato-Katz technique was carried-out. Results. Main age of children was 7.2±2.5 years, 339 were male, and 275 (40.2%) presented some intestinal parasitosis. The most frequently parasitosis observed were: Entamoeba histolytica 15.5%, Giardia lamblia 15%, Ascaris lumbricoides 12.4%, Endolimax nana 10.4%, Trichuris trichiura 5.4% and Hymenolepis nana 5.3%. Conclusions. We found a high prevalence of parasitosis in children from 3 cities of the state of Colima, Mexico.

Prevalencia de parasitosis intestinales en niños de zonas urbanas del estado de Colima, México

/pdf/vasectomia-sin-bisturi-experiencia-de-10-anos-41381nfdes.pdf

Vasectomía sin bisturí. Experiencia de 10 años

espanolObjetivo: Determinar la correlacion entre el grado nutricional y parametros espirometricos. Material y metodos: De enero a diciembre 2013, se realizo un estudio descriptivo. Se seleccionaron individuos de ambos sexos con edades de 12 a 19 anos de edad. Para evaluar el grado de nutricion utilizamos las tablas del indice de masa corporal (IMC) y de acuerdo a este dividimos a los adolescentes en 4 grupos de nutricion; 1) bajo peso, 2) peso normal, 3) sobrepeso y, 4) obesos. Posteriormente a los adolescentes se les evaluo la funcion pulmonar a traves de una espirometria. Resultados: Se estudiaron 280 adolescentes (147 hombres y 133 mujeres) con un promedio de edad de 14.9 ± 2.0 anos. La frecuencia de sobrepeso/obesidad fue de 48.6% (36% mujeres y 59.8% hombres) y bajo peso de 4.7% (n=13). Encontramos que a medida que aumentaba el IMC, tambien se incrementaba la CVF L, CVF%, VEF 1 l y VEF1%, los individuos con obesidad presentaron promedios bajos de VEF1/CVF. La talla y el peso se correlacionaron positivamente con VEF1 y CVF, mientras que hubo correlacion negativa para VEF1/CVF. Conclusiones: A medida que aumenta el IMC se incrementan los parametros espirometricos y los obesos tienden a presentar un patron obstructivo. EnglishObjective: To determinate the correlation between the nutritional status and spirometrical parameters. Material and methods: From January to December of 2013, we realized a descriptive study. We chose patients of both sexes, from 12 to 19 years old. To evaluate the nutritional status we used the body mass index (BMI) and according to this, we divided the adolescents in 4 nutritional groups: 1) Low weight, 2) Normal weight, 3) Overweight and 4) Obese. Then the pulmonary function was evaluated using spirometry. Results: 280 were studied (147 men and 133 women) with an age average of 14.9 ± 2.0 years. The frequency of overweight/obesity was 48.6% (36% women and 59.8% men) and low weight 4.7% (n=13). We found that, when the BMI increase, also the forced vital capacity 1(FVC), FVC 1, forced expiratory volume (FEV) 1 and FEV 1% increase as well, the patients with obesity presented low average of FEV1/FVC. Weight and height were correlated positively with FEV1 and FVC, whereas there was a negative correlation for FEV1/FVC. Conclusions: As the BMI increases, the spirometrical parameters increase as well and the obese tend to present an obstructive pattern.

https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/5728812.pdf

Correlación entre el estado nutricional y parámetros espirométricos en adolescentes de Colima, México

Introduction: Hirschsprung’s disease or primary megacolon is an unusual condition that presents a frequency rate of one in 5,000 births. In newly-born babies, low intestinal obstruction is often associated to certain disorders such as Hirschsprung’s disease. In adult people, this mentioned disease is unusual and it must be suspected in cases of constipation refractory to treatment. The treatment is usually surgical, with the intestinal segment commonly innervated to the anal canal. Objective: To present a case from an adult subject having a condition of constipation refractory to management. This patient was subjected to surgical management. A case-presentation: Male individual being 18 years old presenting constipation refractory since his childhood. The colon revealed megacolon through an enema. The patient was subjected to laparotomy, finding a rectum larger than 15-cm diameter, performing subtotal cholectomy with low anastomosis. Conclusions: Hirschsprung’s disease is an unusual condition.

/pdf/enfermedad-de-hirschsprung-un-caso-de-constipacion-en-adulto-3z1cg61vzz.pdf

Enfermedad de Hirschsprung: Un caso de constipación en adulto

Resumen Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la eficacia de dexametasona versus ondansetrón en la prevención de náusea/vómito en pacientes con colecistectomía laparoscópica. Pacientes y métodos: Se realizó un ensayo clínico ciego simple. Se seleccionaron 75 pacientes tanto de un sexo como de otro programados para colecistectomía laparoscópica. los pacientes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a los tratamientos que se administraron 90 minutos antes de la cirugía: 1) dexametasona 8 mg IV dosis única (n = 36) y 2) ondansetrón 8 mg IV dosis única (n = 39). las variables de interés fueron evaluadas al término de la cirugía, a las seis y 24 horas de postoperatorio se registró frecuencia e intensidad de náusea y vómito. Resultados. los pacientes experimentaron mayor proporción de episodios de NVPO en el grupo de dexametasona que en el grupo de ondansetrón (p = 0.2), en aquellos que lo presentaron fue significativamente más intenso en el grupo de ondansetrón. Veinticuatro pacientes no experimentaron episodio de náusea comparados con 28 a quienes se les administró ondansetrón (p = 0.6). Así mismo, 29 pacientes que recibieron dexametasona no vomitaron contra 33 que recibieron ondansetrón (p = 0.4). la reducción del riesgo absoluto (RRA) para náuseas fue de 5.1 con un número necesario a tratar (NNT) de 20 (IC 26-15). En tanto que la RRA para vómitos fue de 4.06 con un NNT de 25 (IC 21-13).

/pdf/comparacion-de-dexametasona-vs-ondansetron-en-la-prevencion-58mn2r77fw.pdf

Benjamín Trujillo Hernández

Papers

Prevalencia de parasitosis intestinales en niños de zonas urbanas del estado de Colima, México

Vasectomía sin bisturí. Experiencia de 10 años

Correlación entre el estado nutricional y parámetros espirométricos en adolescentes de Colima, México

Enfermedad de Hirschsprung: Un caso de constipación en adulto

Comparación de Dexametasona vs Ondansetrón en la Prevención de Náuseas y Vómitos Postoperatorios, Posterior a Colecistectomía Laparoscópica