Power Aware Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

To support bursty traffic on the Internet (and especially WWW) efficiently, optical burst switching (OBS) is proposed as a way to streamline both protocols and hardware in building the future gener...

Optical burst switching (OBS) - a new paradigm for an optical Internet

Computer communications

In the fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication system, various service requirements of different communication environments are expected to be satisfied. As a new evolution network structure, heterogeneous network (HetNet) has been studied in recent years. Compared with homogeneous networks, HetNets can increase the opportunity in the spatial resource reuse and improve users’ quality of service by developing small cells into the coverage of macrocells. Since there is mutual interference among different users and the limited spectrum resource in HetNets, however, efficient resource allocation (RA) algorithms are vitally important to reduce the mutual interference and achieve spectrum sharing. In this article, we provide a comprehensive survey on RA in HetNets for 5G communications. Specifically, we first introduce the definition and different network scenarios of HetNets. Second, RA models are discussed. Then, we present a classification to analyze current RA algorithms for the existing works. Finally, some challenging issues and future research trends are discussed. Accordingly, we provide two potential structures for 6G communications to solve the RA problems of the next-generation HetNets, such as a learning-based RA structure and a control-based RA structure. The goal of this article is to provide important information on HetNets, which could be used to guide the development of more efficient techniques in this research area.

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A Survey on Resource Allocation for 5G Heterogeneous Networks: Current Research, Future Trends, and Challenges

Next-generation wireless networks must support ultra-reliable, low-latency communication and intelligently manage a massive number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in real-time, within a highly dynamic environment. This need for stringent communication quality-of-service (QoS) requirements as well as mobile edge and core intelligence can only be realized by integrating fundamental notions of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning across the wireless infrastructure and end-user devices. In this context, this paper provides a comprehensive tutorial that introduces the main concepts of machine learning, in general, and artificial neural networks (ANNs), in particular, and their potential applications in wireless communications. For this purpose, we present a comprehensive overview on a number of key types of neural networks that include feed-forward, recurrent, spiking, and deep neural networks. For each type of neural network, we present the basic architecture and training procedure, as well as the associated challenges and opportunities. Then, we provide an in-depth overview on the variety of wireless communication problems that can be addressed using ANNs, ranging from communication using unmanned aerial vehicles to virtual reality and edge caching.For each individual application, we present the main motivation for using ANNs along with the associated challenges while also providing a detailed example for a use case scenario and outlining future works that can be addressed using ANNs. In a nutshell, this article constitutes one of the first holistic tutorials on the development of machine learning techniques tailored to the needs of future wireless networks.

Artificial Neural Networks-Based Machine Learning for Wireless Networks: A Tutorial

The bandwidth reservation is one of most adopted solutions to meet QoS requirements in 802.11 ad hoc networks. The efficiency of these solutions depends on the accuracy of their estimations of available bandwidth; otherwise, their application can be catastrophic on networks. Therefore, accurate bandwidth estimation is fundamental, where each networks characteristic must be taken into consideration, including mobility and medium sharing. Current solutions do not take into account all networks characteristics, resulting to wrong bandwidth estimations and QoS violations. In this paper, we present a new approach for bandwidth reservation — Accurate Bandwidth Reservation (ABR) — which embeds an improved method of available bandwidth measurement, where all criteria of such networks are considered. Evaluation of ABR is performed by simulations and comparisons with some existing approachs.

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Bandwidth reservation in mobile adhoc networks

HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) is a streaming video technique commonly employed over best-effort networks. However, it is characterized by some issues that harm its quality of experience (QoE) in cases of daily use. The main use case of the present investigation involves HAS clients competing for bandwidth inside the same home network. Based on related work, we found that one of the most convenient solutions for this use case is to define a bandwidth manager, on the gateway side, that divides the available home bandwidth between HAS clients. Two main methods have previously been proposed to shape the HAS streams in accordance with the bandwidth manager's direction and are referred to as gateway-based shaping methods: a highly renowned method, Hierarchical Token Bucket Method (HTBM), that uses the hierarchical token bucket queuing discipline, and another method, Receive Window Tuning Method (RWTM), that employs TCP flow control by handling only acknowledgment TCP packets. In this paper, we compare these two shaping methods. Results indicate that RWTM improves the QoE better than HTBM and does not add queuing delay. Results were validated through experimentation and objective QoE analytical criteria.

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Evaluation of gateway-based shaping methods for HTTP Adaptive Streaming

The mobile ad hoc wireless networks are characterized by the absence of central administration and any network element may be very mobile. There is no fixe element within an ad hoc network. In fact, within these networks, all elements must cooperate so as to create a temporary topology which facilitates communication. To create this topology and carry data, ad hoc networks must use efficient routing protocols.

ESMRsc: Energy Aware and Stable Multipath Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks in Smart City

Widely available broadband services in the Internet require high capacity access networks. Only optical networking is able to efficiently provide the huge bandwidth required by multimedia applications. Distributed applications such as Video-Conferencing, HDTV, VOD and Distance Learning are increasingly common and produce a large amount of data traffic, typically between several terminals. Multicast is a bandwidth-efficient technique for one-to-many or many-to-many communications, and will be indispensable for serving multimedia applications in future optical access networks. These applications require robust and reliable connections as well as the satisfaction of QoS criteria. In this chapter, several access network architectures and related multicast routing methods are analyzed. Overall network performance and dependability are the focus of our analysis.

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Multicast Routing in Optical Access Networks

The exponential traffic growth in optical networks has triggered the evolution from Fixed-Grid to Flex-Grid technology. This evolution allows better spectral efficiency and spectrum usage over current networks in order to facilitate dynamic and huge traffic demands. The integration of Flex-Grid technology increases the number of optical channels established over optical links, leading, however, to an increase in amplification power and possibly saturating optical amplifiers. In this work, we propose a power adaptation process that takes advantage of link optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) margins to allow network operators to support this power increase while maintaining the use of legacy amplifiers. Results show that controlling channel optical power benefits from the Flex-Grid in terms of spectrum and capacity gain using in-place amplifier infrastructure.

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Bernard Cousin

Papers

Bandwidth reservation in mobile adhoc networks

Evaluation of gateway-based shaping methods for HTTP Adaptive Streaming

ESMRsc: Energy Aware and Stable Multipath Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks in Smart City

Multicast Routing in Optical Access Networks

Optical power control to efficiently handle flex-grid spectrum gain over existing fixed-grid network infrastructures