Bernard Gratuze

Bio: Bernard Gratuze is an academic researcher from University of Orléans. The author has contributed to research in topics: Bronze Age & Cave. The author has an hindex of 30, co-authored 179 publications receiving 3013 citations. Previous affiliations of Bernard Gratuze include University of Bordeaux & Centre national de la recherche scientifique.

Mass spectrometry with laser sampling: A new tool to characterize archaeological materials

Abstract: Interest in mass spectrometry with an inductively coupled plasma as an ion source and its association with laser ablation as a sample introduction technique (LA-ICP-MS) has steadily increased during the past few years. After a description of the analytical procedure and the calculation method, we show the potential of this technique to characterize non destructively archaeological artefacts. A comparison is made between the results obtained with LA-ICP-MS and those obtained on the same objects with other analytical methods. A large variety of archaeological materials such as obsidians, glasses, glazes and flints are studied.

The trading of ancient glass beads: new analytical data from south asian and east african soda–alumina glass beads*

Abstract: The occurrence of similar glass beads at archaeological sites in Africa and Asia bears witness to the trade relationship between the two continents. This paper reports elemental analysis results from a recent in-depth laser ablation – inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) study of a group of archaeological glass beads with a specific alumina-rich composition from East Africa, India and Sri Lanka. Based on the concentrations of the trace elements, two different subgroups were identified. One subgroup occurs at early periods (fourth century bce to fifth century ace) in South India and Sri Lanka. The second subgroup appears at later dates in Africa and was identified at different Kenyan sites dated from the ninth to the 19th century ace, and at the contemporaneous site of Chaul in western India.

De l'origine du cobalt : du verre à la céramique

Abstract: Dans un article anterieur, nous presentions un modele d'approvisionnement en cobalt pour l'industrie verriere en France, pour la periode s'etalant de l'Antiquite a nos jours. Nous avons recemment etendu cette etude aux glacures de ceramiques. Les premiers resultats que nous presentons ici concernent un echantillonnage tres varie tant du point de vue geographique que chronologique. Ces resultats confirment et affinent ceux obtenus sur le verre pour la periode posterieure au XIIIe siecle. Ils montrent, de plus, que les resultats obtenus sur les verres francais peuvent etre generalises a la partie occidentale du Bassin Mediterraneen. Pour la partie orientale de ce bassin, ils ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives de recherche.

A review of the structures of oxide glasses by Raman spectroscopy

Abstract: The family of oxide glasses is very wide and it is continuously developing. The rapid development of advanced and innovative glasses is under progress. Oxide glasses have a variety of applications in articles for daily use as well as in advanced technological fields such as X-ray protection, fibre glasses, optical instruments and lab glassware. Oxide glasses basically consist of network formers, such as borate, silicate, phosphate, borosilicate, borophosphate, and network modifiers such as alkali, alkaline earth and transition metals. In the present review article, Raman spectroscopy results for the structures of borate, silicate, phosphate, borosilicate, borophosphate, aluminosilicate, phosphosilicate, alumino-borosilicate and tellurite glasses are summarized.

Early farmers from across Europe directly descended from Neolithic Aegeans

Abstract: Farming and sedentism first appeared in southwestern Asia during the early Holocene and later spread to neighboring regions, including Europe, along multiple dispersal routes. Conspicuous uncertainties remain about the relative roles of migration, cultural diffusion, and admixture with local foragers in the early Neolithization of Europe. Here we present paleogenomic data for five Neolithic individuals from northern Greece and northwestern Turkey spanning the time and region of the earliest spread of farming into Europe. We use a novel approach to recalibrate raw reads and call genotypes from ancient DNA and observe striking genetic similarity both among Aegean early farmers and with those from across Europe. Our study demonstrates a direct genetic link between Mediterranean and Central European early farmers and those of Greece and Anatolia, extending the European Neolithic migratory chain all the way back to southwestern Asia.

A decade of raman spectroscopy in art and archaeology

Abstract: the applicationof this technique in this field has grown exponentially.Although this database and the papers from several groupsthat appeared around the same time introduced many peopleto this research field, these were not the first applications ofRaman microspectroscopy in art analysis. In 1979 Dhamelin-court et al.