Author
Bernard P. Boudreau
Bio: Bernard P. Boudreau is an academic researcher. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 643 citations.
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27 Dec 1996
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a detailed account of model formulation by explaining some useful solution techniques, and demonstrate methods that are simple to understand and implement, yet powerful enough to attack even the most complicated diagenetic problems.
Abstract: The study of sedimentary chemistry and its associated proceses is becoming increasingly mathematical. There is a growing desire to gain a quantitative undrstanding of the reasons for the natural chemical changes observed in sediments as they are buried. The aim of this text is to develop transport-reaction (diagenetic) models, and methods for their solution. It attempts to present a detailed account of model formulation by explaining some useful solution techniques. The choice of material illustrates methods that are simple to understand and implement, yet powerful enough to attack even the most complicated diagenetic problems. The cited computer programs are available on the Internet.
659 citations
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TL;DR: These results demonstrate in real marine environments a new form of power generation that uses an immense, renewable energy reservoir (sedimentary organic carbon) and has near-immediate application.
Abstract: In many marine environments, a voltage gradient exists across the water‐sediment interface resulting from sedimentary microbial activity. Here we show that a fuel cell consisting of an anode embedded in marine sediment and a cathode in overlying seawater can use this voltage gradient to generate electrical power in situ. Fuel cells of this design generated sustained power in a boat basin carved into a salt marsh near Tuckerton, New Jersey, and in the Yaquina Bay Estuary near Newport, Oregon. Retrieval and analysis of the Tuckerton fuel cell indicates that power generation results from at least two anode reactions: oxidation of sediment sulfide (a by-product of microbial oxidation of sedimentary organic carbon) and oxidation of sedimentary organic carbon catalyzed by microorganisms colonizing the anode. These results demonstrate in real marine environments a new form of power generation that uses an immense, renewable energy reservoir (sedimentary organic carbon) and has near-immediate application.
696 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of recent developments in the quantitative modeling of organic matter degradation in marine sediments is critically reviewed, including the main chemical, biological and physical factors that control the degradation of benthic organic matter.
638 citations
University of Perpignan1, Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University2, Centre national de la recherche scientifique3, IFREMER4, University of Toulouse5, Université Paul Cézanne Aix-Marseille III6, University of Montpellier7, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn8, Spanish National Research Council9, Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire10, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis11, University College West12, École Normale Supérieure13, University of Georgia14, Plymouth Marine Laboratory15, university of lille16
TL;DR: In this article, a review of current functioning and responses of Mediterranean marine biogeochemical cycles and ecosystems with respect to key natural and anthropogenic drivers and to consider the ecosystems' responses to likely changes in physical, chemical and socio-economical forcings induced by global change and by growing anthropogenic pressure at the regional scale.
391 citations
Wayne State University1, University of Toronto2, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry3, Wright State University4, Heidelberg University (Ohio)5, Purdue University6, Ohio State University7, Case Western Reserve University8, National Wildlife Federation9, James Madison University10, University of Tennessee11
TL;DR: A retrospective synthesis of past and current nutrient inputs, impairments by planktonic and benthic HABs and hypoxia, modelling and Best Management Practices in the Lake Erie basin demonstrates that phosphorus reduction is of primary importance, but the effects of climate, nitrogen and other factors should also be considered in the context of adaptive management.
375 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report a test of the hypothesis that the extent of organic matter preservation in continental margin sediments is controlled by the average period accumulating particles reside in oxic porewater immediately beneath the water/sediment interface.
Abstract: The authors report here a test of the hypothesis that the extent of organic matter preservation in continental margin sediments is controlled by the average period accumulating particles reside in oxic porewater immediately beneath the water/sediment interface Oxygen penetration depths, organic element compositions, and mineral surface areas were determined for 16 sediment cores collected along an offshore transect across the Washington continental shelf, slope, and adjacent Cascadia Basin Individual amino acid, sugar, and pollen distributions were analyzed for a 11 to 12 cm horizon from each core, and {sup 14}C-based sediment accumulation rates and stable carbon isotope compositions were determined from depth profiles within a subset of six cores from representative sites Sediment accumulation rates decreased, and dissolved O{sub 2} penetration depths increased offshore along the sampling transect As a result, oxygen exposure times (OET) increased seaward from decades (mid-shelf and upper slope) to more than a thousand years (outer Cascadia Basin) Organic contents and compositions were essentially constant within individual sediment cores but varied consistently with location In particular, organic carbon/surface area ratios decreased progressively offshore and with increasing OET Three independent compositional parameters demonstrated that the remnant organic matter in farther offshore sediments is more degraded Both concentrationmore » and compositional patterns indicated that sedimentary organic matter exhibits a distinct and reproducible oxic effect OET helps integrate and explain organic matter preservation in accumulating continental margin sediments and hence provides a useful tool for assessing transfer of organic matter from the biosphere to the geosphere« less
320 citations