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Bernd Weber

Bio: Bernd Weber is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Waveform & Induced seismicity. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 2 publications receiving 27 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jun 2018-Science
TL;DR: Seismological and geodetic analyses combined to characterize the mainshock and its largest aftershocks, constrain the geometry of this seismic sequence, and shed light on its causal factors found that the earthquake transferred static stress to larger nearby faults, potentially increasing the seismic hazard in the area.
Abstract: The moment magnitude (Mw) 5.5 earthquake that struck South Korea in November 2017 was one of the largest and most damaging events in that country over the past century. Its proximity to an enhanced geothermal system site, where high-pressure hydraulic injection had been performed during the previous 2 years, raises the possibility that this earthquake was anthropogenic. We have combined seismological and geodetic analyses to characterize the mainshock and its largest aftershocks, constrain the geometry of this seismic sequence, and shed light on its causal factors. According to our analysis, it seems plausible that the occurrence of this earthquake was influenced by the aforementioned industrial activities. Finally, we found that the earthquake transferred static stress to larger nearby faults, potentially increasing the seismic hazard in the area.

320 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
15 Apr 2019-Fuel
TL;DR: A review of the current status of research concerning induced seismicity monitoring for shale hydraulic fracturing can be found in this article, where the authors identify challenges and prospects associated with multi-disciplines for future research and applications.

130 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a new method, named rapid earthquake association and location (REAL), for associating seismic phases and locating seismic events rapidly, simultaneously, and automatically.
Abstract: Rapid association of seismic phases and event location are crucial for real‐time seismic monitoring. We propose a new method, named rapid earthquake association and location (REAL), for associating seismic phases and locating seismic events rapidly, simultaneously, and automatically. REAL combines the advantages of both pick‐based and waveform‐based detection and location methods. It associates arrivals of different seismic phases and locates seismic events primarily through counting the number of P and S picks and secondarily from travel‐time residuals. A group of picks are associated with a particular earthquake if there are enough picks within the theoretical travel‐time windows. The location is determined to be at the grid point with the most picks, and if multiple locations have the same maximum number of picks, the grid point among them with smallest travel‐time residuals. We refine seismic locations using a least‐squares location method (VELEST) and a high‐precision relative location method (hypoDD). REAL can be used for rapid seismic characterization due to its computational efficiency. As an example application, we apply REAL to earthquakes in the 2016 central Apennines, Italy, earthquake sequence occurring during a five‐day period in October 2016, midway in time between the two largest earthquakes. We associate and locate more than three times as many events (3341) as are in Italy's National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology routine catalog (862). The spatial distribution of these relocated earthquakes shows a similar but more concentrated pattern relative to the cataloged events. Our study demonstrates that it is possible to characterize seismicity automatically and quickly using REAL and seismic picks.

94 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Waveform-based methods have shown promising results in characterizing weak seismic events at multiple scales, especially for abundant microearthquakes induced by hydraulic fracturing in unconventional and geothermal reservoirs or foreshock and aftershock activity potentially preceding tectonic earthquakes as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Source locations provide fundamental information on earthquakes and lay the foundation for seismic monitoring at all scales. Seismic source location as a classical inverse problem has experienced significant methodological progress during the past century. Unlike the conventional traveltime‐based location methods that mainly utilize kinematic information, a new category of waveform‐based methods, including partial waveform stacking, time reverse imaging, wavefront tomography, and full waveform inversion, adapted from migration or stacking techniques in exploration seismology has emerged. Waveform‐based methods have shown promising results in characterizing weak seismic events at multiple scales, especially for abundant microearthquakes induced by hydraulic fracturing in unconventional and geothermal reservoirs or foreshock and aftershock activity potentially preceding tectonic earthquakes. This review presents a comprehensive summary of the current status of waveform‐based location methods, through elaboration of the methodological principles, categorization, and connections, as well as illustration of the applications to natural and induced/triggered seismicity, ranging from laboratory acoustic emission to field hydraulic fracturing‐induced seismicity, regional tectonic, and volcanic earthquakes. Taking into account recent developments in instrumentation and the increasing availability of more powerful computational resources, we highlight recent accomplishments and prevailing challenges of different waveform‐based location methods and what they promise to offer in the near future. Plain language summary Earthquakes are a common physical phenomenon involving ground shaking and rupturing of the surface of the Earth. In addition to the well‐known catastrophic tectonic earthquakes, similar vibration sources also appear at various scales in engineering fields, such as acoustic emissions resulting from microcracks in building walls and bridges, rock bursts in mines, microseismic events generated by mining and fluid injection/extraction, and microseisms caused by crustal activity. Seismic information provides a powerful tool for geophysical and engineering surveys. The source location describes the spatial and temporal extent of an earthquake and lays the foundation for seismic monitoring. Seismic location methods have made significant progress over the last century. Specifically, a category of new waveform‐based location methods has emerged as a counterpart of conventional traveltime‐based inversion. These methods directly utilize the notion of a wavefield and, very similar to an optical lens, aim at spatially focusing a source's emitted energy. Waveform‐based methods have provided robust and effective source location results at various scales. We summarize the development history and current state of waveform‐based location methods and discuss the advantages and challenges through their applications for seismic source location at multiple scales.

85 citations