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Beth G. Clarkson

Bio: Beth G. Clarkson is an academic researcher from University of Portsmouth. The author has contributed to research in topics: Football & Medicine. The author has an hindex of 4, co-authored 5 publications receiving 57 citations.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
14 May 2020
TL;DR: In this article, the implications of Covid-19 on the future of elite women's football are discussed, with the intention of reflecting on and illuminating the threat and uncertainty facing the game.
Abstract: This commentary offers an analysis of the implications of Covid-19 on the future of elite women’s football, with the intention of reflecting on and illuminating the threat and uncertainty facing the game. Topics covered include (1) organisational and economic repercussions; (2) consequences for player contracts, migration and investment; and (3) player wellbeing. These significant challenges require swift and decisive action in order to mitigate their potential effects. Recommendations are made for governing bodies, parent clubs and practitioners, in addition to possible future research directions for academics. We reflect upon what can be done during and post-pandemic to continue the momentum and growth of women’s football in England, highlighting the need for football clubs to learn from previous crises by embracing innovation and entrepreneurship.

58 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article explored the lived experiences of women head coaches to identify the extent that gender influences the English football workplace and found that gender negatively influences coaches' interactions and confidence early in their career in youth recreational football; gender bias is embedded within discriminatory organizational practices which limit career mobility for coaches working in talent development; and gender is used to hold elite level women coaches to higher scrutiny levels than male colleagues.
Abstract: Historically, men have dominated the English football workplace; as a result, the number of women in coaching positions has been limited. The aim of the present study was to explore the lived experiences of women head coaches to identify the extent that gender influences the English football workplace. Semi-structured interviews (N = 12) were conducted with women head coaches operating at the (a) youth recreational, (b) talent development, and (c) elite levels of the English football pyramid. An inductive thematic analysis was performed which informed the development of composite vignettes, a form of creative nonfiction. Three vignettes were developed comprising women head coaches’ stories at each pyramid level. Findings from the thematic analysis identified themes of gender stereotyping, proving yourself, and confidence at the youth recreational level; work-life conflicts, limited career mobility, and marginalization at the talent development level; and tokenism, undercurrents of sexism, and apprehensions of future directives at the elite level. The vignette stories demonstrate that gender negatively influences coaches’ interactions and confidence early in their career in youth recreational football; gender bias is embedded within discriminatory organizational practices which limit career mobility for coaches working in talent development; and gender is used to hold elite level women coaches to higher scrutiny levels than male colleagues. Recommendations (e.g., [in]formal mentoring, male advocacy, recruitment transparency) are made to practitioners for a targeted occupational-focused approach regarding support, retention, and career progression of women head coaches in football.

20 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a systematic review of literature examining leadership and the contagion of affective phenomena, namely emotion, mood and affect, was presented, where an inductive thematic analysis approach was adopted to synthesize the findings from published studies.
Abstract: We present a systematic review of literature examining leadership and the contagion of affective phenomena, namely emotion, mood and affect. Specifically, an inductive thematic analysis approach was adopted to synthesize the findings from published studies. In addition, a mini meta-analysis was conducted to quantify reported effects. A rigorous search identified 25 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria for further review. Results highlighted important relationships between leadership and contagion aligned with six themes: charismatic and transformational leadership are conducive to contagion of leader and follower positive A cc ep te d A rt ic le This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. affective phenomena; greater contagion effects exists when there is congruence between leader and follower affective states; contagion of leader and follower affective phenomena is directly linked to leader effectiveness and performance; and, individual susceptibility to the contagion of affective phenomena can moderate these relationships. These findings have salient implications for conceptualization and measurement across multiple lines of inquiry and within numerous domains of application.

18 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that female athletes are more susceptible to emotional influence than male athletes and female athletes experienced a greater variation in the perceived emotional influence of different leadership roles in the team.
Abstract: Emotional contagion has been recognized as a variable influencing individual behaviour and team functioning. In particular, leaders within the team have been suggested to have a significant impact ...

9 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Findings highlight that dialysis modalities not requiring regular hospital attendance improve independence, quality of life, wellbeing, and can facilitate a more physically active lifestyle.
Abstract: BACKGROUND When people with chronic kidney disease reach kidney failure, renal replacement therapy is usually required to improve symptoms and maintain life. Although in-centre haemodialysis is most commonly used for this purpose, other forms of dialysis are available, including home haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. OBJECTIVES We aimed to explore the experiences of adults living with chronic kidney disease who were either approaching the need for dialysis or had reached kidney failure and were receiving a form of dialysis. In particular, we explored how different forms of dialysis affect their quality of life, wellbeing, and physical activity. METHODS Individual semistructured interviews were conducted with 40 adults with kidney failure, comprising four groups (n = 10 each): those receiving in-centre haemodialysis, home haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, or predialysis. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, thematically analysed, and then composite vignettes were subsequently developed to present a rich narrative of the collective experiences of each group. FINDINGS Compared with adults who were predialysis, quality of life and wellbeing improved upon initiation of their home haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Conversely, minimal improvement was perceived by those receiving in-centre haemodialysis. Low physical activity was reported across all four groups, although those receiving home haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis reported a greater desire and ability to be physically active than those in-centre. CONCLUSION These findings highlight that dialysis modalities not requiring regular hospital attendance (i.e., home haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis) improve independence, quality of life, wellbeing, and can facilitate a more physically active lifestyle.

3 citations


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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present methods that allow researchers to test causal claims in situations where randomization is not possible or when causal interpretation could be confounded; these methods include fixed-effects panel, sample selection, instrumental variable, regression discontinuity, and difference-in-differences models.
Abstract: Social scientists often estimate models from correlational data, where the independent variable has not been exogenously manipulated; they also make implicit or explicit causal claims based on these models. When can these claims be made? We answer this question by first discussing design and estimation conditions under which model estimates can be interpreted, using the randomized experiment as the gold standard. We show how endogeneity – which includes omitted variables, omitted selection, simultaneity, common-method variance, and measurement error – renders estimates causally uninterpretable. Second, we present methods that allow researchers to test causal claims in situations where randomization is not possible or when causal interpretation could be confounded; these methods include fixed-effects panel, sample selection, instrumental variable, regression discontinuity, and difference-in-differences models. Third, we take stock of the methodological rigor with which causal claims are being made in a social sciences discipline by reviewing a representative sample of 110 articles on leadership published in the previous 10 years in top-tier journals. Our key finding is that researchers fail to address at least 66% and up to 90% of design and estimation conditions that make causal claims invalid. We conclude by offering 10 suggestions on how to improve non-experimental research.

1,537 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce affective process theory (APT), which unifies these mechanisms and identifies others, and reveal 10 distinct mechanisms that connect people's affective states, which fall into three types.
Abstract: Emotional contagion — emotions being linked across people — has captured psychologists’ attention yet little is known about its mechanisms. Early influential treatments focused on primitive mimicry. Later accounts emphasized (a) social comparison, whereby people compare their feelings with compatriots’, (b) emotional interpretation, where others’ expressive displays serve as information, and (c) empathy, or imagining another person’s feelings. This paper introduces affective process theory (APT), which unifies these mechanisms and identifies others. Using a rule-governed theoretical process, APT reveals 10 distinct mechanisms that connect people’s affective states, which fall into three types. Convergent linkage occurs when individuals share the same vantage point and interpretations of emotionally evocative stimuli. Divergent linkage occurs with a shared vantage point but different interpretations. Complementary linkage occurs when the other person is itself the stimulus. APT integrates past findings on moderating factors such as social closeness and cooperation. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

124 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
14 May 2020
TL;DR: In this article, the implications of Covid-19 on the future of elite women's football are discussed, with the intention of reflecting on and illuminating the threat and uncertainty facing the game.
Abstract: This commentary offers an analysis of the implications of Covid-19 on the future of elite women’s football, with the intention of reflecting on and illuminating the threat and uncertainty facing the game. Topics covered include (1) organisational and economic repercussions; (2) consequences for player contracts, migration and investment; and (3) player wellbeing. These significant challenges require swift and decisive action in order to mitigate their potential effects. Recommendations are made for governing bodies, parent clubs and practitioners, in addition to possible future research directions for academics. We reflect upon what can be done during and post-pandemic to continue the momentum and growth of women’s football in England, highlighting the need for football clubs to learn from previous crises by embracing innovation and entrepreneurship.

58 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article highlighted the significance of transformational leadership in predicting important job outcomes using different mechanisms and highlighted the importance of psychological safety and pro-environmental behavior in predicting job outcomes, however, psychological safety was not considered.
Abstract: Prior research highlighted the significance of transformational leadership in predicting important job outcomes using different mechanisms. However, psychological safety and pro-environmental behav...

52 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
20 Jun 2020
TL;DR: The current COVID-19 pandemic has already impacted both elite and grassroots sports in a series of ways Whilst accepting that many answers to emerging and relevant questions cannot be provided at as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The current COVID-19 pandemic has already impacted both elite and grassroots sports in a series of ways Whilst accepting that many answers to emerging and relevant questions cannot be provided at

51 citations