Bianka Darvalics

Bio: Bianka Darvalics is an academic researcher from Aarhus University Hospital. The author has contributed to research in topics: Population & Cohort. The author has an hindex of 5, co-authored 17 publications receiving 88 citations. Previous affiliations of Bianka Darvalics include Aarhus University.

Association Between Atopic Eczema and Cancer in England and Denmark.

Abstract: Importance Associations between atopic eczema and cancer are unclear, with competing theories that increased immune surveillance decreases cancer risk and that immune stimulation increases cancer risk Establishing baseline cancer risk in people with atopic eczema is important before exploring the association between new biologic drugs for atopic eczema and cancer risk Objective To investigate whether atopic eczema is associated with cancer Design, Setting, and Participants Matched cohort studies were conducted from January 2, 1998, to March 31, 2016, in England and from January 1, 1982, to June 30, 2016, in Denmark We conducted our analyses between July 2018 and July 2019 The setting was English primary care and nationwide Danish data Participants with atopic eczema (adults only in England and any age in Denmark) were matched on age, sex, and calendar period (as well as primary care practice in England only) to those without atopic eczema Exposure Atopic eczema Main Outcomes and Measures Overall cancer risk and risk of specific cancers were compared in people with and without atopic eczema Results In England, matched cohorts included 471 970 individuals with atopic eczema (median [IQR] age, 411 [249-607] years; 276 510 [586%] female) and 2 239 775 individuals without atopic eczema (median [IQR] age, 398 [259-584] years; 1 301 074 [581%] female) In Denmark, matched cohorts included 44 945 individuals with atopic eczema (median [IQR] age, 137 [17-211] years; 22 826 [508%] female) and 445 673 individuals without atopic eczema (median [IQR] age, 135 [17-208] years; 226 323 [508%] female) Little evidence was found of associations between atopic eczema and overall cancer (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 104; 99% CI, 102-106 in England and 105; 99% CI, 095-116 in Denmark) or for most specific cancers However, noncutaneous lymphoma risk was increased in people with atopic eczema in England (adjusted HR, 119; 99% CI, 107-134 for non-Hodgkin lymphoma [NHL] and 148; 99% CI, 107-204 for Hodgkin lymphoma) Lymphoma risk was increased in people with greater eczema severity vs those without atopic eczema (NHL adjusted HR, 106; 99% CI, 090-125 for mild eczema; 124; 99% CI, 104-148 for moderate eczema; and 208; 99% CI, 142-304 for severe eczema) Danish point estimates also showed increased lymphoma risk in people with moderate to severe eczema compared with those without atopic eczema (minimally adjusted HR, 131; 99% CI, 076-226 for NHL and 135; 99% CI, 065-282 for Hodgkin lymphoma), but the 99% CIs were wide Conclusions and Relevance The findings from 2 large population-based studies performed in different settings do not support associations between atopic eczema and most cancers However, an association was observed between atopic eczema and lymphoma, particularly NHL, that increased with eczema severity This finding warrants further study as new immunomodulatory systemic therapeutics are brought to market that may alter cancer risk

Cardiovascular risk and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis compared with diabetes mellitus and the general population

Abstract: Objectives To compare risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients with incident RA, diabetes mellitus (DM) and the general population (GP). Methods Patients diagnosed with incident RA were matched 1:5 by age, sex and year of RA diagnosis with the GP. In the same period, patients with incident DM were included. Outcomes were heart failure (HF), myocardial infarction (MI), coronary revascularization, stroke, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and death up to 10 years after diagnosis. Results We included 15 032 patients with incident RA, 301 246 patients with DM and 75 160 persons from the GP. RA patients had an increased risk of HF [hazard ratio (HR) 1.51, 95% CI: 1.38, 1.64], MI (HR 1.58, 95% CI: 1.43, 1.74), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI; HR 1.44, 95% CI: 1.27, 1.62), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG; HR 1.30, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.62) and stroke (HR 1.22, 95% CI: 1.12-1.33) compared with the GP. However, the 10-year all-cause mortality was at the same level as observed in the GP. Cardiac death and MACE were increased in RA compared with the GP. When compared with patients with DM, RA patients had a lower adjusted risk of HF (HR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.85), CABG (HR 0.62, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.76) and stroke (HR 0.82, 95% CI: 0.76, 0.89), and similar risk of MI and PCI. DM patients had the highest risk of 10-year mortality, cardiac death and MACE. Conclusion This study demonstrates that RA is associated with an increased risk of HF, MI, stroke and coronary revascularization than found in the GP but without reaching the risk levels observed in DM patients.

Control of Confounding and Reporting of Results in Causal Inference Studies. Guidance for Authors from Editors of Respiratory, Sleep, and Critical Care Journals

Abstract: Control of Confounding and Reporting of Results in Causal Inference Studies Guidance for Authors fromEditors of Respiratory, Sleep, andCritical Care Journals David J. Lederer*, Scott C. Bell*, Richard D. Branson*, James D. Chalmers*, Rachel Marshall*, David M. Maslove*, David E. Ost*, Naresh M. Punjabi*, Michael Schatz*, Alan R. Smyth*, Paul W. Stewart*, Samy Suissa*, Alex A. Adjei, Cezmi A. Akdis, Élie Azoulay, Jan Bakker, Zuhair K. Ballas, Philip G. Bardin, Esther Barreiro, Rinaldo Bellomo, Jonathan A. Bernstein, Vito Brusasco, Timothy G. Buchman, Sudhansu Chokroverty, Nancy A. Collop, James D. Crapo, Dominic A. Fitzgerald, Lauren Hale, Nicholas Hart, Felix J. Herth, Theodore J. Iwashyna, Gisli Jenkins, Martin Kolb, Guy B. Marks, Peter Mazzone, J. Randall Moorman, ThomasM.Murphy, Terry L. Noah, Paul Reynolds, Dieter Riemann, Richard E. Russell, Aziz Sheikh, Giovanni Sotgiu, Erik R. Swenson, Rhonda Szczesniak, Ronald Szymusiak, Jean-Louis Teboul, and Jean-Louis Vincent Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Editor-inChief, Annals of the American Thoracic Society; Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Cystic Fibrosis; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Editor-in-Chief, Respiratory Care; University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland; Deputy Chief Editor, European Respiratory Journal; London, England; Deputy Editor, The Lancet Respiratory Medicine; Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Associate Editor for Data Science, Critical Care Medicine; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Deputy Editor-in-Chief, SLEEP; Department of Allergy, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, San Diego, California; Editor-in-Chief, The Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology: In Practice; Division of Child Health, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England; Joint Editor-in-Chief, Thorax; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Associate Editor, Pediatric Pulmonology; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Advisor, COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Thoracic Oncology; Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Editor-in-Chief, Allergy; St. Louis Hospital, University of Paris, Paris, France; Editor-in-Chief, Intensive Care Medicine; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York; Department of Intensive Care Adults, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Intensive Care, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Critical Care; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa and the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa; Editor-in-Chief, The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Monash Lung and Sleep, Monash Hospital and University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Co-Editor-in-Chief, Respirology; Pulmonology Department, Muscle and Lung Cancer Research Group, Research Institute of Hospital del Mar and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Editor-in-Chief, Archivos de Bronconeumologia; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Austin Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Editor-in-Chief, Critical Care & Resuscitation; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Asthma; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Editor-in-Chief, COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; Department of Surgery, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Editor-in-Chief,Critical CareMedicine; JFKNewJersey Neuroscience Institute, HackensackMeridian Health–JFKMedical Center, Edison, New Jersey; Editor-in-Chief, Sleep Medicine; Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine; Department of Medicine, National Jewish Hospital, Denver, Colorado; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of the COPD Foundation; The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Medical School, University of

Poor outcome and prolonged persistence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in COVID-19 patients with haematological malignancies; King's College Hospital experience.

Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged at the end of 2019 and caused an infection named COVID-19 (Guan, Ni et al. 2020). Patients with compromised immune systems are at increased risk of complications but this risk is not precisely defined (Liang, Guan et al. 2020). Although age, gender, comorbidities and ethnicity are risk factors for adverse outcomes (Huang, Wang et al. 2020), various pre-existing conditions, including haematological cancers, have also been reported to correlate with poor outcomes (Aries, Davies et al. 2020, He, Chen et al. 2020, Malard, Genthon et al. 2020, Martin-Moro, Marquet et al. 2020, medRxiv 2020).

Incidence rates and case fatality rates of portal vein thrombosis and Budd-Chiari Syndrome

Abstract: Little information is available on the incidence of splanchnic vein thrombosis and on mortality rates during the acute phase of the disease. We performed a large epidemiologic study on hospital admissions for portal vein thrombosis (PVT) and the Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) between 2002 and 2012 in Northwestern Italy. Primary and secondary discharge diagnoses of PVT and BCS were identified using the 9th edition International Classification of Diseases codes 453.0, 572.1 and 452. Hospitalisations for recurrent events were not included. Information was collected on age and gender, vital status at discharge, duration of hospitalisation, and up to five secondary discharge diagnoses. Comorbidity was evaluated using the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). A total of 3535 patients with PVT and 287 with BCS were hospitalized. The overall gender-specific incidence rates for PVT were 3.78 per 100,000 inhabitants in males and 1.73 per 100,000 inhabitants in females; for BCS 2.0 and 2.2 per million inhabitants, respectively. In-hospital case fatality was 7.3 % in patients with PVT and 4.9 % in patients with BCS. Age, non-abdominal solid cancer, and CCI were independently associated with in-hospital mortality in both PVT and BCS after stepwise regression analysis, male gender and haematologic cancer were associated with mortality in BCS patients only. In this large study we confirmed the low incidence of BCS and we found an incidence of PVT higher than previously reported. This incidence was stable during the period of observation. In-hospital mortality is not negligible, in particular in PVT patients.