Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the protocol backing the core routing decisions on the Internet. It maintains a table of IP networks or 'prefixes' which designate network reachability among autonomous systems (AS). Point of concern in BGP is its lack of effective security measures which makes Internet vulnerable to different forms of attacks. Many solutions have been proposed till date to combat BGP security issues but not a single one is deployable in practical scenario. Any security proposal with optimal solution should offer adequate security functions, performance overhead and deployment cost. This paper critically analyzes the deployment issues of best three proposals considering trade-off between security functions and performance overhead.

Comparative analysis of

Review of studies on the Critical Success Factors for Public–Private Partnership (PPP) projects from 1990 to 2013

Public Private Partnerships (PPP) have emerged as one of the major approaches for delivering infrastructure projects effectively. This article develops a PPP framework for infrastructure development. It discusses examples of worldwide applications, as well as benefits and obstacles of PPP through a literature review on PPP-related research over the last 20 years. The syntheses of the knowledge present foundations from which the laws, regulations, and guidelines for effective and successful PPP implementation can be established. This analysis reveals that PPP can create new and long-term business opportunities with a chance to deliver infrastructure services of higher quality and efficiency. However, these benefits will only be materialized when a PPP project is properly planned and managed and both the public and private sectors work together successfully.

Towards a Comprehensive Understanding of Public Private Partnerships for Infrastructure Development

https://ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk/bitstream/10397/7153/1/Tang_Review_Public_Private.pdf

A review of studies on Public–Private Partnership projects in the construction industry

With the rapid growth of the Chinese economy, the desperate demand for infrastructure developments has created bottlenecks in the country's sustainable development. Infrastructure investment could not be funded completely by the government alone. Taking Beijing as an example, there will be about 2,400 infrastructure projects to be developed during 2006-2010 with a total investment of over RMB 470 billion, which may impose budgetary pressure on the government. As a result, public-private partnership PPP could be considered as a favorable option to help provide these rapidly demanded public works and services. In order to investigate the potential for adopting PPPs in the People's Republic of China, this paper aims to explore the critical success factors CSFs necessary to conduct PPP projects. The views from Chinese experts were collected via an empirical questionnaire survey. The respondents were invited to rate a total of 18 CSFs that contribute to the success of PPP projects as gleaned from the contemporary literature. The results of this survey were analyzed by the factor analysis technique. The findings showed that the 18 CSFs could be grouped into five underlying factors including: Factor 1—stable macroeconomic environment; Factor 2—shared responsibility between public and private sectors; Factor 3—transparent and efficient procurement process; Factor 4—stable political and social environment; and Factor 5—judicious government control. DOI: 10.1061/ASCECO.1943-7862.0000152 CE Database subject headings: China; Infrastructure; Partnerships; Private sector; Procurement. Author keywords: China; Infrastructure; Partnerships; Private sector; Procurement.

Critical Success Factors for PPPs in Infrastructure Developments: Chinese Perspective

Public–private partnerships (PPPs) are increasingly used in the United Kingdom's public facilities and services provision through the Private Finance Initiative (PFI) Despite some casualties, PPP/PFI projects have been undertaken successfully, but the reasons for success are not entirely clear Questionnaire survey research examined the relative importance of 18 potential critical success factors (CSF) for PPP/PFI construction projects in the UK The results show that the three most important factors are: ‘a strong and good private consortium’, ‘appropriate risk allocation’ and ‘available financial market’ Factor analysis revealed that appropriate factor groupings for the 18 CSFs are: effective procurement, project implementability, government guarantee, favourable economic conditions and available financial market These findings should influence policy development towards PPPs and the manner in which partners go about the development of PFI projects

Critical success factors for PPP/PFI projects in the UK construction industry

Purpose – The paper aims to report the findings of research into perceptions of what makes the Private Finance Initiative (PFI) attractive or unattractive as a procurement system for projects in the UK.Design/methodology/approach – The research uses a postal survey questionnaire technique for primary data collection. Literature review is used to identify relevant factors, which are then incorporated into the design of the survey instrument. Survey response data is subjected to descriptive statistical analysis and subsequently to rotated factor analysis.Findings – Public/private partnerships (PPP)/PFI project procurement is perceived as most attractive in terms of positive factors relating to better project technology and economy, greater public benefit, public sector avoidance of regulatory and financial constraints, and public sector saving in transaction costs. Negative aspects, relating to factors such as the inexperience of the participants, the over‐commercialisation of projects, and high participati...

Perceptions of positive and negative factors influencing the attractiveness of PPP/PFI procurement for construction projects in the UK: Findings from a questionnaire survey

Project governance (PG) represents a direct and control function for a project based organization (PBO). Operational approaches to PG have rarely been explored and structured. Based on a face-to-face questionnaire survey of project management professionals in China, this study produces an ontology of PG “direct and control” measures at the operational level. Mean value analysis confirms positive agreement among the research data and exploratory factor analysis indicates that four control subsystems predominate: normative management control; belief system; incentive mechanism; and risk governance. Confirmatory factor analysis validates these findings. Results serve as a foundation for future development of an operationally oriented PG model.

/pdf/empirical-study-of-project-governance-among-chinese-project-4gx3varvv2.pdf

Bing Li

Papers

Critical success factors for PPP/PFI projects in the UK construction industry

Perceptions of positive and negative factors influencing the attractiveness of PPP/PFI procurement for construction projects in the UK: Findings from a questionnaire survey

Empirical Study of Project Governance among Chinese Project Management Professionals