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Bing Lin

Bio: Bing Lin is an academic researcher from Langley Research Center. The author has contributed to research in topics: Lidar & Ice cloud. The author has an hindex of 33, co-authored 113 publications receiving 3650 citations. Previous affiliations of Bing Lin include Government of the United States of America & Hampton University.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The current cloud thermodynamic phase discrimination by Cloud-Aerosol Lidar Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) is based on the depolarization of backscattered light measured by its lidar as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The current cloud thermodynamic phase discrimination by Cloud-Aerosol Lidar Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) is based on the depolarization of backscattered light measured by its lidar [Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP)]. It assumes that backscattered light from ice crystals is depolarizing, whereas water clouds, being spherical, result in minimal depolarization. However, because of the relationship between the CALIOP field of view (FOV) and the large distance between the satellite and clouds and because of the frequent presence of oriented ice crystals, there is often a weak correlation between measured depolarization and phase, which thereby creates significant uncertainties in the current CALIOP phase retrieval. For water clouds, the CALIOP-measured depolarization can be large because of multiple scattering, whereas horizontally oriented ice particles depolarize only weakly and behave similarly to water clouds. Because of the nonunique depolarization–cloud ph...

263 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used cloud temperature information from the collocated infrared imaging radiometer measurements and cloud water paths from collocated MODIS measurements to compute global statistics of the occurrence frequency, liquid water content and liquid water path, and their temperature dependence.
Abstract: [1] The CALIOP depolarization measurements, combined with backscatter intensity measurements, are effective in discriminating between water clouds and ice clouds. The same depolarization measurements can also be used for estimating liquid water content information. Using cloud temperature information from the collocated infrared imaging radiometer measurements and cloud water paths from collocated MODIS measurements, this study compiles global statistics of the occurrence frequency, liquid water content, liquid water path, and their temperature dependence. For clouds with temperatures between −40°C and 0°C, the liquid phase fractions and liquid water paths are significantly higher than the ones from previous studies using passive remote sensing measurements. At midlatitudes, the occurrence of liquid phase clouds at temperatures between −40°C and 0°C depends jointly on both cloud height and cloud temperature. At high latitudes, more than 95% of low-level clouds with temperatures between −40°C and 0°C are water clouds. Supercooled water clouds are mostly observed over ocean near the storm-track regions and high-latitude regions. Supercooled water clouds over land are observed in the Northern Hemisphere over Europe, East Asia, and North America, and these are the supercooled water clouds with highest liquid water contents. The liquid water content of all supercooled water clouds is characterized by a Gamma (Γ) distribution. The mode values of liquid water content are around 0.06 g/m3 and are independent of cloud temperature. For temperatures warmer than −15°C, mean value of the liquid water content is around 0.14 g/m3. As the temperature decreases, the mean cloud liquid water content also decreases. These results will benefit cloud models and cloud parameterizations used in climate models in improving their ice-phase microphysics parameterizations and the aviation hazard forecast.

254 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of dust storms on cloud properties and Radiative Forcing (RF) are analyzed over Northwestern China from April 2001 to June 2004 using data collected by the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instruments on the Aqua and Terra satellites.
Abstract: [1] The effects of dust storms on cloud properties and Radiative Forcing (RF) are analyzed over Northwestern China from April 2001 to June 2004 using data collected by the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instruments on the Aqua and Terra satellites. On average, ice cloud effective particle diameter, optical depth and ice water path of cirrus clouds under dust polluted conditions are 11%, 32.8%, and 42% less, respectively, than those derived from ice clouds in dust-free atmospheric environments. Due to changes in cloud microphysics, the instantaneous net RF is increased from −161.6 W/m2 for dust-free clouds to −118.6 W/m2 for dust-contaminated clouds.

249 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the semi-direct effects of dust aerosols are analyzed over eastern Asia using 2 years (June 2002 to June 2004) of data from the Clouds and the Earth s Radiant Energy System (CERES) scanning radiometer and MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Aqua satellite, and 18 years (1984 to 2001) of International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) data.
Abstract: The semi-direct effects of dust aerosols are analyzed over eastern Asia using 2 years (June 2002 to June 2004) of data from the Clouds and the Earth s Radiant Energy System (CERES) scanning radiometer and MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Aqua satellite, and 18 years (1984 to 2001) of International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) data The results show that the water path of dust-contaminated clouds is considerably smaller than that of dust-free clouds The mean ice water path (IWP) and liquid water path (LWP) of dusty clouds are less than their dust-free counterparts by 237% and 498%, respectively The long-term statistical relationship derived from ISCCP also confirms that there is significant negative correlation between dust storm index and ISCCP cloud water path These results suggest that dust aerosols warm clouds, increase the evaporation of cloud droplets and further reduce cloud water path, the so-called semi-direct effect The semi-direct effect may play a role in cloud development over arid and semi-arid areas of East Asia and contribute to the reduction of precipitation

246 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A high-backscatter, low-depolarization delta-gamma relationship observed for some ice clouds is shown to result primarily from horizontally oriented plates and implies a preferential lidar ratio - depolarization ratio relation in nature for ice cloud particles containing plates.
Abstract: Using measurements obtained by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite, relationships between layer-integrated depolarization ratio (8) and layer-integrated attenuated backscatter (γ′) are established for moderately thick clouds of both ice and water. A new and simple form of the δ-γ′ relation for spherical particles, developed from Monte Carlo simulations and suitable for both water clouds and spherical aerosol particles, is found to agree well with the observations. A high-backscatter, low-depolarization δ-γ′ relationship observed for some ice clouds is shown to result primarily from horizontally oriented plates and implies a preferential lidar ratio - depolarization ratio relation in nature for ice cloud particles containing plates. ©2007 Optical Society of America

168 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The progress report on the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) describes changes made to produce new cloud data products (D data), examines the evidence that these changes are improvements over the previous version (C data), summarizes some results, and discusses plans for the ISCCP through 2005.
Abstract: This progress report on the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) describes changes made to produce new cloud data products (D data), examines the evidence that these changes are improvements over the previous version (C data), summarizes some results, and discusses plans for the ISCCP through 2005. By late 1999 all datasets will be available for the period from July 1983 through December 1997. The most significant changes in the new D-series cloud datasets are 1) revised radiance calibrations to remove spurious changes in the long-term record, 2) increased cirrus detection sensitivity over land, 3) increased low-level cloud detection sensitivity in polar regions, 4) reduced biases in cirrus cloud properties using an ice crystal microphysics model in place of a liquid droplet microphysics model, and 5) increased detail about the variations of cloud properties. The ISCCP calibrations are now the most complete and self-consistent set of calibrations available for all the weather...

2,143 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) is a two-wavelength polarization lidar that performs global profiling of aerosols and clouds in the troposphere and lower stratosphere as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) is a two-wavelength polarization lidar that performs global profiling of aerosols and clouds in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. CALIOP is the primary instrument on the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite, which has flown in formation with the NASA A-train constellation of satellites since May 2006. The global, multiyear dataset obtained from CALIOP provides a new view of the earth’s atmosphere and will lead to an improved understanding of the role of aerosols and clouds in the climate system. A suite of algorithms has been developed to identify aerosol and cloud layers and to retrieve a variety of optical and microphysical properties. CALIOP represents a significant advance over previous space lidars, and the algorithms that have been developed have many innovative aspects to take advantage of its capabilities. This paper provides a brief overview of the CALIPSO mission, the CA...

1,833 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 1980-Nature

1,327 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This survey provides the reader with comprehensive details on the use of space-based optical backhaul links in order to provide high capacity and low cost backhaul solutions.
Abstract: In recent years, free space optical (FSO) communication has gained significant importance owing to its unique features: large bandwidth, license free spectrum, high data rate, easy and quick deployability, less power, and low mass requirements. FSO communication uses optical carrier in the near infrared band to establish either terrestrial links within the Earth’s atmosphere or inter-satellite/deep space links or ground-to-satellite/satellite-to-ground links. It also finds its applications in remote sensing, radio astronomy, military, disaster recovery, last mile access, backhaul for wireless cellular networks, and many more. However, despite of great potential of FSO communication, its performance is limited by the adverse effects (viz., absorption, scattering, and turbulence) of the atmospheric channel. Out of these three effects, the atmospheric turbulence is a major challenge that may lead to serious degradation in the bit error rate performance of the system and make the communication link infeasible. This paper presents a comprehensive survey on various challenges faced by FSO communication system for ground-to-satellite/satellite-to-ground and inter-satellite links. It also provides details of various performance mitigation techniques in order to have high link availability and reliability. The first part of this paper will focus on various types of impairments that pose a serious challenge to the performance of optical communication system for ground-to-satellite/satellite-to-ground and inter-satellite links. The latter part of this paper will provide the reader with an exhaustive review of various techniques both at physical layer as well as at the other layers (link, network, or transport layer) to combat the adverse effects of the atmosphere. It also uniquely presents a recently developed technique using orbital angular momentum for utilizing the high capacity advantage of optical carrier in case of space-based and near-Earth optical communication links. This survey provides the reader with comprehensive details on the use of space-based optical backhaul links in order to provide high capacity and low cost backhaul solutions.

970 citations