Bing Shi

Bio: Bing Shi is an academic researcher from Ocean University of China. The author has contributed to research in topics: Submarine pipeline & Pipeline (computing). The author has an hindex of 7, co-authored 22 publications receiving 160 citations.

Study of Scour around Submarine Pipeline with a Rubber Plate or Rigid Spoiler in Wave Conditions

Abstract: This paper presents results from laboratory experimental model studies investigating scour by waves around a pipeline attached to a flexible rubber plate or rigid spoiler. The rubber plate was placed between the submarine pipeline and bed, while the rigid spoiler is attached to the top of the pipe. The scour around pipelines with and without a rubber plate or a rigid spoiler under regular and irregular waves was observed and measured for a range of pipe sizes, wave amplitudes and frequencies, and the length of the plate/height of the spoiler. The experiments reveal that although the rigid spoilers can enhance the scour depth and extent (thus accelerating the self-burial of the pipe), they also have significant influence on both the upstream and downstream bed topography as sand ripples and dunes are formed. On the other hand, the rubber plates cannot only significantly increase the scour depth but also have little effect on the upstream and downstream bed. The experiments show that when the length of the plate is about 1.5 times the pipe size, it provides the optimum performance in terms of the largest scour depth while restricting the impact on nearby beds for the parameters investigated in this study.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Local Scour Around Submarine Piggyback Pipeline Under Steady Current

Abstract: As a new type of submarine pipeline, the piggyback pipeline has been gradually adopted in engineering practice to enhance the performance and safety of submarine pipelines. However, limited simulation work and few experimental studies have been published on the scour around the piggyback pipeline under steady current. This study numerically and experimentally investigates the local scour of the piggyback pipe under steady current. The influence of prominent factors such as pipe diameter, inflow Reynolds number, and gap between the main and small pipes, on the maximum scour depth have been examined and discussed in detail. Furthermore, one formula to predict the maximum scour depth under the piggyback pipeline has been derived based on the theoretical analysis of scour equilibrium. The feasibility of the proposed formula has been effectively calibrated by both experimental data and numerical results. The findings drawn from this study are instructive in the future design and application of the piggyback pipeline.

Numerical Simulation of Gravity Current Descending a Slope into a Linearly Stratified Environment

Abstract: The accurate prediction of the dilution and motion of the produced denser water (e.g., discharge of concentrated brine generated during solution mining and desalination) is of importance for environmental protection. Boundary conditions and ambient stratification can significantly affect the dilution and motion of gravity currents. In this study, a multiphase model was applied to simulate the gravity current descending a slope into a linearly stratified ambient. The k-ω turbulence model was used to better simulate the near-bed motion. The mathematical model, the initial and boundary conditions, and the details of the numerical scheme are described here. The time-dependent evolution of the gravity current, the flow thickness, and the velocity and density field were simulated for a range of flow parameters. Simulations show that the Kelvin–Helmholtz (K-H) billows are generated at the top of the trailing fluid by the interfacial velocity shear. The K-H instability becomes weaker with the slope distan...

Pipeline–Seabed Interaction

Abstract: A review of the existing research on the interaction between a pipeline and an erodible bed exposed to waves and/or currents is presented. The review covers three topics: scour, liquefaction, and lateral stability of pipelines. The basic mechanism that leads to scour in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cases is first described, as deduced from small-scale laboratory experiments. The onset of scour from piping and the developing tunnel erosion are among the processes described. The lateral expansion of the scour hole along the pipe is described, also based primarily on small-scale laboratory experiments. The state of the art of the mathematical/numerical modeling of the scour processes is presented. The associated self-burial of the pipe is described and compared to field observations. In addition to scour, liquefaction may also constitute a risk for pipeline stability. The cause of liquefaction and the resulting consequence for pipeline stability in a natural environment are discuss...

Environmental considerations for subseabed geological storage of CO2: a review

Abstract: Many countries are now using or investigating offshore geological storage of CO2 as a means to reduce atmospheric CO2 emissions. Although associated research often focuses on deep-basin geology (e.g. seismic, geomagnetics), environmental data on the seabed and shallow subseabed is also crucial to (1) detect and characterise potential indicators of fluid seeps and their potential connectivity to targeted storage reserves, (2) obtain baseline environmental data for use in future monitoring, and (3) acquire information to facilitate an improved understanding of ecosystem processes for use in impact prediction. This study reviews the environmental considerations, including potential ecological impacts, associated with subseabed geological storage of CO2. Due to natural variations in CO2 levels in seafloor sediments, baseline CO2 measurements and knowledge of physical–chemical processes affecting the regional distribution of CO2 and pH are critical for the design of appropriate monitoring strategies to assess potential impacts of CO2 seepage from subseabed storage reservoirs. Surficial geological and geophysical information, such as that acquired from multibeam sonar and sub-bottom profiling, can be used to investigate the connectivity between the deep reservoirs and the surface, which is essential in establishing the reservoir containment properties. CO2 leakage can have a pronounced effect on sediments and rocks which in turn can have carryover effects to biogeochemical cycles. The effects of elevated CO2 on marine organisms are variable and species-specific but can also have cascading effects on communities and ecosystems, with marine benthic communities at some natural analogue sites (e.g. volcanic vents) showing decreased diversity, biomass, and trophic complexity. Despite their potential applications, environmental surveys and data are still not a standard and integral part of subseabed CO2 storage projects. However, the habitat mapping and seabed characterisation methodology that underpins such surveys is well developed and has a strong record of providing information to industry and decision makers. This review provides recommendations for an integrated and interdisciplinary approach to offshore geological storage of CO2, which will benefit national programs and industry and will be valuable to researchers in a broad range of disciplines.