Biswajit Halder

Bio: Biswajit Halder is an academic researcher from Narula Institute of Technology. The author has contributed to research in topics: Authentication & Power factor. The author has an hindex of 8, co-authored 20 publications receiving 156 citations. Previous affiliations of Biswajit Halder include Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur & National Institute of Technology, Meghalaya.

On Automatic Authenticity Verification of Printed Security Documents

Abstract: This paper presents a pioneering effort to involve machine in checking document authenticity. A particular class of security documents has been considered for the present experiment. Bank cheques, several kinds of tickets like lottery tickets, air tickets, etc., legal deeds, certificates, mark sheets, postal stamps, etc. all these documents fall under the same class as far as security is concerned. Criminalspsila efforts for generating fraudulent version of such documents are on the rise. This study attempts to develop a general framework for automatic authenticity verification of such security documents. The proposed method first computationally extracts the security features from the document images and then the notion of authenticity vs. duplicity is defined in the feature space. Bank cheques are taken as a reference for conducting experiment. Support vector machines (SVMs) are used to verify authenticity of these cheques. Non-linear kernel functions are used to conduct this experiment. Results show that a polynomial kernel based SVM gives about 99.5% accuracy discriminating duplicate cheques from genuine ones. This strongly attests the viability of the proposed approach for machine authentication of printed security documents.

Authentication of currency notes through printing technique verification

Abstract: An image analysis based pattern classification method is proposed to authentic the printing process used in printing different texts on currency notes. Features suitable for doing this are selected and then studied to detect fraudulent samples based on the printing method. This classification is done by using Support Vector Machines and Neural Nets. The discriminatory power of the selected features in authenticating the printing process is tested using the Linear Discriminate Analysis. Experimental results show that the proposed framework provides a highly accurate framework for authenticating the printing process in bank notes.

Machine Assisted Authentication of Paper Currency: an Experiment on Indian Banknotes

Abstract: Automatic authentication of paper money has been targeted. Indian bank notes are taken as reference to show how a system can be developed for discriminating fake notes from genuine ones. Image processing and pattern recognition techniques are used to design the overall approach. The ability of the embedded security aspects is thoroughly analysed for detecting fake currencies. Real forensic samples are involved in the experiment that shows a high precision machine can be developed for authentication of paper money. The system performance is reported in terms of both accuracy and processing speed. Comparison with human subjects namely forensic experts and bank staffs clearly shows its applicability for mass checking of currency notes in the real world. The analysis of security features to protect counterfeiting highlights some facts that should be taken care of in future designing of currency notes.

Modelling and analysis of a hybrid active power filter for power quality improvement using hysteresis current control technique

Abstract: Power system comprises of three natural / physical characteristics namely voltage, current and frequency. Deviation in these physical characteristics are termed as power quality issues in power system. Presence of nonlinear current or nonlinear/unbalanced voltages and frequencies are termed as power quality issue. These (current, voltage and frequencies) deviations result in failure/damage of equipment in power system. Power electronic converters associated with their nonlinear switching characteristics and high frequency operation are the major cause for power quality issues. In order to reduce harmonics and improve power quality, Hybrid Active Power Filter (HAPF) particularly shunt HAPF are employed. Both voltage and current harmonics can be eliminated using instantaneous real and reactive power compensation (p-q) control technique. The PI based controller is used for power compensation calculations. A mathematical modeling on both p-q theory control is explained. Simulation is carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK and the results are presented for different compensation filters at different load conditions.

Machine-assisted authentication of paper currency: an experiment on Indian banknotes

Abstract: Automatic authentication of paper money is becoming an increasingly urgent problem because of new and improved uses of counterfeits. In this paper, we describe a system developed for discriminating fake notes from genuine ones and apply it to Indian banknotes. Image processing and pattern recognition techniques are used to design the overall approach. The ability of the embedded security aspects is thoroughly analysed for detecting fake currencies. Real samples are used in the experiments that show a high-precision machine can be developed for authentication of paper money. The system performance is reported for both accuracy and processing speed. The analysis of security features to prevent counterfeiting highlights some of the issues that should be considered in designing of currency notes in the future.

An Improved Adaptive Control Strategy in Grid-Tied PV System With Active Power Filter for Power Quality Enhancement

Abstract: This article investigates the power quality enhancement of a grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) distribution system by employing a fuzzy logic proportional–integrator–derivative multiple complex coefficient filter multiple second-order generalized integrator frequency-locked loop (FLPID-MCCF-MSOGI-FLL) hybrid control scheme based shunt active power filter. The MSOGI-FLL reference current generation strategy is implemented to mitigate the current harmonics by extracting the fundamental constituents (FCs) from the nonlinear load currents, whereas an MCCF is employed to separate the FC from the distorted grid voltages and eliminates the voltage harmonics during extremely polluted grid voltage condition. The main objective of using FLPID is to maintain the stable power between dc and ac sides by regulating the dc-link voltage constant under transient conditions. To track the maximum power from the PV panel under varying environmental condition, the particle swarm optimization based perturb and observe technique is used in this article. The comparative analysis is analyzed to check the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid control scheme with existing and adaptive control techniques in respect of power quality, better dc offset rejection, better FC and frequency extraction, and grid synchronization. The system with the proposed control scheme is simulated on MATLAB/Simulink and validated in a real-time field-programmable gate array platform under different test scenarios. In conclusion, the harmonic content of grid currents and voltages is found well within the IEEE-519 standard limits.

Automatic processing of handwritten bank cheque images: a survey

Abstract: Bank cheques (checks) are still widely used all over the world for financial transactions. Huge volumes of handwritten bank cheques are processed manually every day in developing countries. In such a manual verification, user written information including date, signature, legal and courtesy amounts present on each cheque has to be visually verified. As many countries use cheque truncation systems (CTS) nowadays, much time, effort and money can be saved if this entire process of recognition, verification and data entry is done automatically using images of cheques. An attempt is made in this paper to present the state of the art in automatic processing of handwritten cheque images. It discusses the important results reported so far in preprocessing, extraction, recognition and verification of handwritten fields on bank cheques and highlights the positive directions of research till date. The paper has a comprehensive bibliography of many references as a support for researchers working in the field of automatic bank cheque processing. The paper also contains some information about the products available in the market for automatic cheque processing. To the best of our knowledge, there is no survey in the area of automatic cheque processing, and there is a need of such a survey to know the state of the art.

Paper-based Document Authentication using Digital Signature and QR Code

Abstract: There are still needs for paper-based documents in certain circumstances where electronic documents cannot efficiently replace them. For example, documents issued by the government such as birth certificates, driver licenses, and passports must be paper-based. With advanced scanning and printing technologies, paper-based document fraud can easily be conducted without significant high cost. In this paper, an implementation of paper-based document authentication is presented. The integrity of the text message and the author of the document can be verified with the use of a digital signature and QR code. The proposed method can be automatic or semi-automatic. It is semi-automatic when the OCR is not accurate and it requires the user to visually compare the text message on the paper and the one obtained from the QR code; however, this method does provide convenience for the user in dealing with a large amount of documents.

A Survey on Banknote Recognition Methods by Various Sensors

Abstract: Despite a decrease in the use of currency due to the recent growth in the use of electronic financial transactions, real money transactions remain very important in the global market. While performing transactions with real money, touching and counting notes by hand, is still a common practice in daily life, various types of automated machines, such as ATMs and banknote counters, are essential for large-scale and safe transactions. This paper presents studies that have been conducted in four major areas of research (banknote recognition, counterfeit banknote detection, serial number recognition, and fitness classification) in the accurate banknote recognition field by various sensors in such automated machines, and describes the advantages and drawbacks of the methods presented in those studies. While to a limited extent some surveys have been presented in previous studies in the areas of banknote recognition or counterfeit banknote recognition, this paper is the first of its kind to review all four areas. Techniques used in each of the four areas recognize banknote information (denomination, serial number, authenticity, and physical condition) based on image or sensor data, and are actually applied to banknote processing machines across the world. This study also describes the technological challenges faced by such banknote recognition techniques and presents future directions of research to overcome them.

Currency security and forensics: a survey

Abstract: By its definition, the word `currency' refers to an agreed medium for exchange, a nation's currency is the formal medium enforced by the elected governing entity. Throughout history, issuers have faced one common threat: counterfeiting. Despite technological advancements, overcoming counterfeit production remains a distant future. Scientific determination of authenticity requires a deep understanding of the raw materials and manufacturing processes involved. This survey serves as a synthesis of the current literature to understand the technology and the mechanics involved in currency manufacture and security, whilst identifying gaps in the current literature. Ultimately, a robust currency is desired.