Author
Boris Mazar
Bio: Boris Mazar is an academic researcher from BMW. The author has contributed to research in topics: Thermoelectric generator & Internal combustion engine. The author has an hindex of 6, co-authored 35 publications receiving 198 citations.
Papers
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TL;DR: A high-temperature thermoelectric generator (TEG) was recently integrated into two passenger vehicles: a BMW X6 and a Lincoln MKT as mentioned in this paper, which was the culmination of a recently completed Department of Energy (DOE)-sponsored TE waste heat recovery program for vehicles (award #DE-FC26-04NT42279).
Abstract: A high-temperature thermoelectric generator (TEG) was recently integrated into two passenger vehicles: a BMW X6 and a Lincoln MKT. This effort was the culmination of a recently completed Department of Energy (DOE)-sponsored thermoelectric (TE) waste heat recovery program for vehicles (award #DE-FC26-04NT42279). During this 7-year program, several generations of thermoelectric generators were modeled, designed, built, and tested at the couple, engine, and full-device level, as well as being modeled and integrated at the vehicle level. In this paper, we summarize the history of the development efforts and results achieved during the project, which is a motivation for ongoing research in this field. Results are presented and discussed for bench, engine dynamometer, and on-vehicle tests conducted on the current-generation TEG. On the test bench, over 700 W of power was produced. Over 600 W was produced in on-vehicle tests. Both steady-state and transient models were validated against the measured performance of these TEGs. The success of this work has led to a follow-on DOE-sponsored TE waste heat recovery program for passenger vehicles focused on addressing key technical and business-related topics that are meant to enable TEGs to be considered as a viable automotive product in the future.
125 citations
BMW1
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a prototype vehicle with a thermoelectric generator in order to investigate the interactions of this technology with the powertrain as well as further fundamental topics.
Abstract: Even in a highly efficient, state-of-the-art internal combustion engine, the majority of the energy contained in the fuel is converted into wasted heat. With a thermoelectric generator, a part of this wasted energy can be converted into electric energy. So far there are no high temperature thermoelectric materials commercially available. The BMW Group decided to develop a prototype vehicle with a thermoelectric generator in order to investigate the interactions of this technology with the powertrain as well as further fundamental topics.
31 citations
BMW1
TL;DR: In this article, a Prototypenfahrzeug aufgebaut is presented, in which a thermoelektrischen generator is used, ein Teil der Verlustwarme in nutzbare elektrische Energie werden.
Abstract: Selbst bei einem hocheffizienten Verbrennungsmotor der neuesten Generation wird ein Grosteil der im Kraftstoff chemisch gebunden Energie in nicht genutzte Warmeenergie gewandelt. Mit einem thermoelektrischen Generator kann ein Teil dieser Verlustwarme in nutzbare elektrische Energie zuruckgewandelt werden. Derzeit gibt es fur den automobilen Einsatz noch keine kommerziell verfugbaren Hochtemperatur-materialien. Um die Wechselwirkungen des Systems mit dem Antriebsstrang und weitere wichtige Grundsatzfragen zu untersuchen, hat die BMW Group ein Prototypenfahrzeug aufgebaut.
11 citations
Patent•
BMW1
TL;DR: In this article, a cooling system is provided for a thermoelectric power generator and that is arranged in an exhaust gas line of an internal combustion engine for generating electric power while utilizing thermal energy of the exhaust gas.
Abstract: A cooling system is provided for a thermoelectric power generator and that is arranged in an exhaust gas line of an internal combustion engine for generating electric power while utilizing thermal energy of the exhaust gas. The thermoelectric power generator has its own coolant circuit, which also serves to raise the temperature of the components of the internal combustion engine, the chassis, and/or the transmission or serves to heat the passenger compartment. This offers the added utility gained from a faster temperature rise of transmission lubricants and lubricants of the internal combustion engine, as well as from heating the passenger compartment and the rear axle differential and, thus, offers a reduction of carbon dioxide emissions (CO 2 ).
10 citations
Patent•
BMW1
TL;DR: In this article, a thermoelectric module with p-doped semiconductor elements arranged alternately in interstice formed between hot side (2) and cold side (4), where 70% of surfaces of hot and cold sides are contacted with the elements.
Abstract: The module (1) has p-doped and n-doped semiconductor elements (7) arranged alternately in interstice formed between hot side (2) and cold side (4), where 70% of surfaces of hot and cold sides are contacted with the elements. Interstice is filled by 70% of the elements and remaining volume is filled by insulating material. Heat conductivity of thermoelectric module is adjusted between 40-60% of total temperature difference between hot and cold sides based on arrangement of elements in interstice so that temperature difference between the sides is reduced. Independent claims are included for the following: (1) method of manufacturing thermoelectric module; and (2) motor car.
8 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss some of the challenges that must be overcome to enable widespread use of thermoelectric power generation (TEG) devices, including thermal stability at the material level, and reliable contact at the device level.
426 citations
TL;DR: In-depth analysis of TEGs is presented, starting by an extensive description of their working principle, types, used materials, figure of merit, improvement techniques including different thermoelectric materials arrangement (conventional, segmented and cascaded), and used technologies and substrates types (silicon, ceramics and polymers).
352 citations
TL;DR: Recent reports of composites with inorganic and organic additives in conjugated and insulating polymer matrices are covered, as well as the techniques needed to fully characterize their TE properties.
Abstract: This review covers recently reported polymer composites that show a thermoelectric (TE) effect and thus have potential application as thermoelectric generators and Peltier coolers. The growing need for CO2-minimizing energy sources and thermal management systems makes the development of new TE materials a key challenge for researchers across many fields, particularly in light of the scarcity or toxicity of traditional inorganic TE materials based on Te and Pb. Recent reports of composites with inorganic and organic additives in conjugated and insulating polymer matrices are covered, as well as the techniques needed to fully characterize their TE properties.
242 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an up-to-date comparison and evaluation of a recent progress in the field of thermoelectricity, resulting primarily from multidisciplinary optimization of materials, topologies and controlling circuitry.
205 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an open-circuit voltage measure is performed during the pseudonormal operation of the interfacing power electronic converter. And the proposed MPPT technique is supported by theoretical analysis and used to control a synchronous Buck-Boost converter.
Abstract: Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) convert heat energy into electricity in a quantity dependent on the temperature difference across them and the electrical load applied. It is critical to track the optimum electrical operating point through the use of power electronic converters controlled by a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. The MPPT method based on the open-circuit voltage is arguably the most suitable for the linear electrical characteristic of TEGs. This paper presents an innovative way to perform the open-circuit voltage measure during the pseudonormal operation of the interfacing power electronic converter. The proposed MPPT technique is supported by theoretical analysis and used to control a synchronous Buck-Boost converter. The prototype MPPT converter is controlled by an inexpensive microcontroller, and a lead-acid battery is used to accumulate the harvested energy. Experimental results using commercial TEG devices prove that the converter accurately tracks the maximum power point during thermal transients. Precise measurements in the steady state show that the converter finds the maximum power point with a tracking efficiency of 99.85%.
175 citations