Bradley S. Lambert

Bio: Bradley S. Lambert is an academic researcher from Houston Methodist Hospital. The author has contributed to research in topics: Medicine & Population. The author has an hindex of 7, co-authored 33 publications receiving 263 citations. Previous affiliations of Bradley S. Lambert include Texas A&M University & University of Texas Medical Branch.

Validation of Digital Visual Analog Scale Pain Scoring With a Traditional Paper-based Visual Analog Scale in Adults

Abstract: Background:The visual analog scale (VAS) is a validated, subjective measure for acute and chronic pain. Scores are recorded by making a handwritten mark on a 10-cm line that represents a continuum between “no pain” and “worst pain.”Methods:One hundred consecutive patients aged ≥18 years who presente

Soy-Dairy Protein Blend or Whey Protein Isolate Ingestion Induces Similar Postexercise Muscle Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Signaling and Protein Synthesis Responses in Older Men

Abstract: BACKGROUND Previous work demonstrated that a soy-dairy protein blend (PB) prolongs hyperaminoacidemia and muscle protein synthesis in young adults after resistance exercise OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of PB in older adults We hypothesized that PB would prolong hyperaminoacidemia, enhancing mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling and muscle protein anabolism compared with a whey protein isolate (WPI) METHODS This double-blind, randomized controlled trial studied men 55-75 y of age Subjects consumed 30 g protein from WPI or PB (25% soy, 25% whey, and 50% casein) 1 h after leg extension exercise (8 sets of 10 repetitions at 70% one-repetition maximum) Blood and muscle amino acid concentrations and basal and postexercise muscle protein turnover were measured by using stable isotopic methods Muscle mTORC1 signaling was assessed by immunoblotting RESULTS Both groups increased amino acid concentrations (P < 005) and mTORC1 signaling after protein ingestion (P < 005) Postexercise fractional synthesis rate (FSR; P ≥ 005), fractional breakdown rate (FBR; P ≥ 005), and net balance (P = 008) did not differ between groups WPI increased FSR by 67% (mean ± SEM: rest: 005% ± 001%; postexercise: 009% ± 001%; P < 005), decreased FBR by 46% (rest: 017% ± 001%; postexercise: 009% ± 003%; P < 005), and made net balance less negative (P < 005) PB ingestion did not increase FSR (rest: 007% ± 003%; postexercise: 009% ± 001%; P ≥ 005), tended to decrease FBR by 42% (rest: 025% ± 008%; postexercise: 015% ± 008%; P = 008), and made net balance less negative (P < 005) Within-group percentage of change differences were not different between groups for FSR, FBR, or net balance (P ≥ 005) CONCLUSIONS WPI and PB ingestion after exercise in older men induced similar responses in hyperaminoacidemia, mTORC1 signaling, muscle protein synthesis, and breakdown These data add new evidence for the use of whey or soy-dairy PBs as targeted nutritional interventions to counteract sarcopenia This trial was registered at clinicaltrialsgov as NCT01847261

A Biomechanical Comparison of Fifth Metatarsal Jones Fracture Fixation Methods

Abstract: Background:Fifth metatarsal base fractures of the metaphyseal-diaphyseal watershed junction (Jones fracture) are commonly treated with surgical fixation in athletes. Intramedullary screw fixation remains the most utilized construct, although plantar-lateral plating is an alternative.Purpose/Hypothesis:The purpose was to compare the mechanical strength of fracture fixation between an intramedullary screw and plantar-lateral plating. The hypothesis was that plantar-lateral plate fixation would allow for more cycles and higher peak loads before failure, as well as less fracture gapping, than would an intramedullary screw in cadaveric foot specimens with simulated Jones fractures exposed to cantilever bending.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:Twelve pairs of male cadaver feet were separated into 2 groups (plate or screw) to conduct contralateral comparative testing of 2 devices with equally numbered right and left feet. For each fifth metatarsal, an osteotomy with a microsagittal saw was create...

Which Subspecialties Do Female Orthopaedic Surgeons Choose and Why?: Identifying the Role of Mentorship and Additional Factors in Subspecialty Choice.

Abstract: Limited data exist delineating the reasons women choose subspecialties within orthopaedics. Purpose (1) To perform a survey that determines subspecialties female orthopaedic surgeons select and (2) to analyze the motivations behind their choices. Methods A 10-question survey was distributed via e-mail to the Ruth Jackson Orthopaedic Society (RJOS), Texas Orthopaedic Association (TOA), and to a private internet page for women in Orthopaedics, which covered the area of subspecialty practice, motivations, and demographic data. Practicing female orthopaedic surgeons, fellows, or fellowship-matched residents were included. Respondents' ranked motivations when deciding for or against a subspecialty were analyzed and comparisons made. Results Of the 304 survey responses, 288 met inclusion criteria. The most common subspecialties were hand (24.0%), pediatrics (22.6%), and sports medicine (16.3%). A higher proportion of younger surgeons are electing to subspecialize in sports medicine, whereas a lower proportion of younger surgeons are pursuing general orthopaedics. Top-ranked reasons for selecting a subspecialty were personal satisfaction (50.8%), intellectual stimulation (42.1%), and strong mentorship (37.4%). The most common reason for not selecting a subspecialty was lack of interest (60.6%). Conclusion Strong mentorship was the largest extrinsic/modifiable factor that affected the decision-making process. A continued focus on mentorship will be necessary to encourage future female orthopaedic surgeons to enter this field and inspire them to explore a different set of subspecialties.

Blood Flow Restriction Training for the Shoulder: A Case for Proximal Benefit.

Abstract: Background:Although blood flow restriction (BFR) is becoming increasingly popular in physical therapy and athletic training settings, little is known about the effects of BFR combined with low-inte...

Protein content and amino acid composition of commercially available plant-based protein isolates

Abstract: The postprandial rise in essential amino acid (EAA) concentrations modulates the increase in muscle protein synthesis rates after protein ingestion The EAA content and AA composition of the dietary protein source contribute to the differential muscle protein synthetic response to the ingestion of different proteins Lower EAA contents and specific lack of sufficient leucine, lysine, and/or methionine may be responsible for the lower anabolic capacity of plant-based compared with animal-based proteins We compared EAA contents and AA composition of a large selection of plant-based protein sources with animal-based proteins and human skeletal muscle protein AA composition of oat, lupin, wheat, hemp, microalgae, soy, brown rice, pea, corn, potato, milk, whey, caseinate, casein, egg, and human skeletal muscle protein were assessed using UPLC–MS/MS EAA contents of plant-based protein isolates such as oat (21%), lupin (21%), and wheat (22%) were lower than animal-based proteins (whey 43%, milk 39%, casein 34%, and egg 32%) and muscle protein (38%) AA profiles largely differed among plant-based proteins with leucine contents ranging from 51% for hemp to 135% for corn protein, compared to 90% for milk, 70% for egg, and 76% for muscle protein Methionine and lysine were typically lower in plant-based proteins (10 ± 03 and 36 ± 06%) compared with animal-based proteins (25 ± 01 and 70 ± 06%) and muscle protein (20 and 78%, respectively) In conclusion, there are large differences in EAA contents and AA composition between various plant-based protein isolates Combinations of various plant-based protein isolates or blends of animal and plant-based proteins can provide protein characteristics that closely reflect the typical characteristics of animal-based proteins

Essential amino acids and muscle protein recovery from resistance exercise

Abstract: This study tests the hypothesis that a dose of 6 g of orally administered essential amino acids (EAAs) stimulates net muscle protein balance in healthy volunteers when consumed 1 and 2 h after resistance exercise. Subjects received a primed constant infusion of L-[(2)H(5)]phenylalanine and L-[1-(13)C]leucine. Samples from femoral artery and vein and biopsies from vastus lateralis were obtained. Arterial EAA concentrations increased severalfold after drinks. Net muscle protein balance (NB) increased proportionally more than arterial AA concentrations in response to drinks, and it returned rapidly to basal values when AA concentrations decreased. Area under the curve for net phenylalanine uptake above basal value was similar for the first hour after each drink (67 +/- 17 vs. 77 +/- 20 mg/leg, respectively). Because the NB response was double the response to two doses of a mixture of 3 g of EAA + 3 g of nonessential AA (NEAA) (14), we conclude that NEAA are not necessary for stimulation of NB and that there is a dose-dependent effect of EAA ingestion on muscle protein synthesis.

The Role of the Anabolic Properties of Plant- versus Animal-Based Protein Sources in Supporting Muscle Mass Maintenance: A Critical Review.

Abstract: Plant-sourced proteins offer environmental and health benefits, and research increasingly includes them in study formulas. However, plant-based proteins have less of an anabolic effect than animal proteins due to their lower digestibility, lower essential amino acid content (especially leucine), and deficiency in other essential amino acids, such as sulfur amino acids or lysine. Thus, plant amino acids are directed toward oxidation rather than used for muscle protein synthesis. In this review, we evaluate the ability of plant- versus animal-based proteins to help maintain skeletal muscle mass in healthy and especially older people and examine different nutritional strategies for improving the anabolic properties of plant-based proteins. Among these strategies, increasing protein intake has led to a positive acute postprandial muscle protein synthesis response and even positive long-term improvement in lean mass. Increasing the quality of protein intake by improving amino acid composition could also compensate for the lower anabolic potential of plant-based proteins. We evaluated and discussed four nutritional strategies for improving the amino acid composition of plant-based proteins: fortifying plant-based proteins with specific essential amino acids, selective breeding, blending several plant protein sources, and blending plant with animal-based protein sources. These nutritional approaches need to be profoundly examined in older individuals in order to optimize protein intake for this population who require a high-quality food protein intake to mitigate age-related muscle loss.

Characterising the muscle anabolic potential of dairy, meat and plant-based protein sources in older adults.

Abstract: The age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function is caused, at least in part, by a reduced muscle protein synthetic response to protein ingestion. The magnitude and duration of the postprandial muscle protein synthetic response to ingested protein is dependent on the quantity and quality of the protein consumed. This review characterises the anabolic properties of animal-derived and plant-based dietary protein sources in older adults. While approximately 60 % of dietary protein consumed worldwide is derived from plant sources, plant-based proteins generally exhibit lower digestibility, lower leucine content and deficiencies in certain essential amino acids such as lysine and methionine, which compromise the availability of a complete amino acid profile required for muscle protein synthesis. Based on currently available scientific evidence, animal-derived proteins may be considered more anabolic than plant-based protein sources. However, the production and consumption of animal-derived protein sources is associated with higher greenhouse gas emissions, while plant-based protein sources may be considered more environmentally sustainable. Theoretically, the lower anabolic capacity of plant-based proteins can be compensated for by ingesting a greater dose of protein or by combining various plant-based proteins to provide a more favourable amino acid profile. In addition, leucine co-ingestion can further augment the postprandial muscle protein synthetic response. Finally, prior exercise or n-3 fatty acid supplementation have been shown to sensitise skeletal muscle to the anabolic properties of dietary protein. Applying one or more of these strategies may support the maintenance of muscle mass with ageing when diets rich in plant-based protein are consumed.