Alzheimer's disease and oxidative stress : implications for novel therapeutic approaches

The treatment of traumatic optic neuropathy: the International Optic Nerve Trauma Study.

Current status of antioxidant therapy

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1016%2Fj.nurt.2009.10.021.pdf

Antioxidant therapies for traumatic brain injury.

✓ Recent clinical trials have reported that methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MP) or the monosialic ganglioside GM1 improves neurological recovery in human spinal cord injury. Because GM1 may have additive or synergistic effects when used with MP, the authors compared MP, GM1, and MP+GM1 treatments in a graded rat spinal cord contusion model. Spinal cord injury was caused by dropping a rod weighing 10 gm from a height of 1.25, 2.5, or 5.0 cm onto the rat spinal cord at T-10, which had been exposed via laminectomy. The lesion volumes were quantified from spinal cord Na and K shifts at 24 hours after injury and the results were verified histologically in separate experiments. A single dose of MP (30 mg/kg), given 5 minutes after injury, reduced 24-hour spinal cord lesion volumes by 56% (p = 0.0052), 28% (p = 0.0065), and 13% (p > 0.05) in the three injury-severity groups, respectively, compared to similarly injured control groups treated with vehicle only. Methylprednisolone also prevented injury-induced...

The effects of methylprednisolone and the ganglioside GM1 on acute spinal cord injury in rats

The 21-aminosteroids: Potent inhibitors of lipid peroxidation for the treatment of central nervous system trauma and ischemia

U-74006F, a 21-aminosteroid, is a potent inhibitor of CNS tissue LP in vitro. In this study it was tested for effects on brain edema and metabolites after impact injury to the closed skull. Anesthetized cats were blindly treated with U-74006F or vehicle at 30 min (1 mg/kg) and 2.5 hr (0.5 mg/kg) after head or sham injury. They were sacrificed 4 hr after injury by in situ fixation of the brain. Head-injured cats were selected for unilateral (left) cerebral contusion. Metabolites (enzyme fluorometry) and edema (specific gravity) were measured in the cerebral cortex and white matter bilaterally. Cerebral hemisphere, contusion, and vasogenic edema volumes were morphometrically measured. Magnitude of edema and metabolites in tissue with vasogenic edema was similar in vehicle- and drug-treated cats. By contrast, the cortex and nonedematous white matter neighboring contusion in drug-treated cats had lactate, glucose, and glycogen levels that suggested an improved metabolic state over vehicle treatment. Most metabolites were not affected by trauma or treatment in the uncontused hemisphere. These results suggest that postinjury treatment with the nonglucocorticoid steroid U-74006F may benefit the metabolism of nonedematous tissue adjacent to contusion.

Braughler Jm

Papers

The 21-aminosteroids: Potent inhibitors of lipid peroxidation for the treatment of central nervous system trauma and ischemia

Effects of a 21-aminosteroid (U-74006F) on cerebral metabolites and edema after severe experimental head trauma.

Role of oxygen radicals in stroke: effects of the 21-aminosteroids (lazaroids). A novel class of antioxidants.