Author
Bruce J. West
Other affiliations: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States Department of the Army, University of California, San Diego ...read more
Bio: Bruce J. West is an academic researcher from Research Triangle Park. The author has contributed to research in topics: Fractional calculus & Fractal. The author has an hindex of 60, co-authored 427 publications receiving 14742 citations. Previous affiliations of Bruce J. West include Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine & United States Department of the Army.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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Book•
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27 Oct 1994
TL;DR: The nature of fractals and the use of fractal instead of classical scaling concepts to describe the irregular surfaces, structures, and processes exhibited by physiological systems are described in this paper.
Abstract: The nature of fractals and the use of fractals instead of classical scaling concepts to describe the irregular surfaces, structures, and processes exhibited by physiological systems are described. The mathematical development of fractals is reviewed, and examples of natural fractals are cited. Relationships among power laws, noise, and fractal time signals are examined. >
968 citations
741 citations
610 citations
TL;DR: The L\'evy walk as discussed by the authors is a random walk with nonlocal memory coupled in space and in time in a scaling fashion, which results in enhanced diffusion, i.e., diffusion that grows as
Abstract: We introduce a stochastic process called a L\'evy walk which is a random walk with a nonlocal memory coupled in space and in time in a scaling fashion. L\'evy walks result in enhanced diffusion, i.e., diffusion that grows as ${\mathrm{t}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}$,\ensuremath{\alpha}g1. When applied to the description of a passive scalar diffusing in a fluctuating fluid flow the model generalizes Taylor's correlated-walk approach. It yields Richardson's ${\mathrm{t}}^{3}$ law for the turbulent diffusion of a passive scalar in a Kolmogorov -(5/3) homogeneous turbulent flow and also gives the deviations from the (5/3) exponent resulting from Mandelbrot's intermittency. The model can be extended to studies of chemical reactions in turbulent flow.
606 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a new numerical method for studying the evolution of free and bound waves on the nonlinear ocean surface using a slope expansion of the velocity potential at the free surface and not an expansion about a reference surface.
Abstract: We present a new numerical method for studying the evolution of free and bound waves on the nonlinear ocean surface. The technique, based on a representation due to Watson and West (1975), uses a slope expansion of the velocity potential at the free surface and not an expansion about a reference surface. The numerical scheme is applied to a number of wave and wave train configurations including longwave-shortwave interactions and the three-dimensional instability of waves with finite slope. The results are consistent with those obtained in other studies. One strength of the technique is that it can be applied to a variety of wave train and spectral configurations without modifying the code.
455 citations
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28 Jul 2005
TL;DR: PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。
18,940 citations
TL;DR: Fractional kinetic equations of the diffusion, diffusion-advection, and Fokker-Planck type are presented as a useful approach for the description of transport dynamics in complex systems which are governed by anomalous diffusion and non-exponential relaxation patterns.
7,412 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report, extend, and interpret much of our current understanding relating to theories of noise-activated escape, for which many of the notable contributions are originating from the communities both of physics and of physical chemistry.
Abstract: The calculation of rate coefficients is a discipline of nonlinear science of importance to much of physics, chemistry, engineering, and biology. Fifty years after Kramers' seminal paper on thermally activated barrier crossing, the authors report, extend, and interpret much of our current understanding relating to theories of noise-activated escape, for which many of the notable contributions are originating from the communities both of physics and of physical chemistry. Theoretical as well as numerical approaches are discussed for single- and many-dimensional metastable systems (including fields) in gases and condensed phases. The role of many-dimensional transition-state theory is contrasted with Kramers' reaction-rate theory for moderate-to-strong friction; the authors emphasize the physical situation and the close connection between unimolecular rate theory and Kramers' work for weakly damped systems. The rate theory accounting for memory friction is presented, together with a unifying theoretical approach which covers the whole regime of weak-to-moderate-to-strong friction on the same basis (turnover theory). The peculiarities of noise-activated escape in a variety of physically different metastable potential configurations is elucidated in terms of the mean-first-passage-time technique. Moreover, the role and the complexity of escape in driven systems exhibiting possibly multiple, metastable stationary nonequilibrium states is identified. At lower temperatures, quantum tunneling effects start to dominate the rate mechanism. The early quantum approaches as well as the latest quantum versions of Kramers' theory are discussed, thereby providing a description of dissipative escape events at all temperatures. In addition, an attempt is made to discuss prominent experimental work as it relates to Kramers' reaction-rate theory and to indicate the most important areas for future research in theory and experiment.
5,180 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Prospect Theory led cognitive psychology in a new direction that began to uncover other human biases in thinking that are probably not learned but are part of the authors' brain’s wiring.
Abstract: In 1974 an article appeared in Science magazine with the dry-sounding title “Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases” by a pair of psychologists who were not well known outside their discipline of decision theory. In it Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman introduced the world to Prospect Theory, which mapped out how humans actually behave when faced with decisions about gains and losses, in contrast to how economists assumed that people behave. Prospect Theory turned Economics on its head by demonstrating through a series of ingenious experiments that people are much more concerned with losses than they are with gains, and that framing a choice from one perspective or the other will result in decisions that are exactly the opposite of each other, even if the outcomes are monetarily the same. Prospect Theory led cognitive psychology in a new direction that began to uncover other human biases in thinking that are probably not learned but are part of our brain’s wiring.
4,351 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the atomic dynamics and the optical response of the medium to a continuous-wave laser and show how coherently prepared media can be used to improve frequency conversion in nonlinear optical mixing experiments.
Abstract: Coherent preparation by laser light of quantum states of atoms and molecules can lead to quantum interference in the amplitudes of optical transitions. In this way the optical properties of a medium can be dramatically modified, leading to electromagnetically induced transparency and related effects, which have placed gas-phase systems at the center of recent advances in the development of media with radically new optical properties. This article reviews these advances and the new possibilities they offer for nonlinear optics and quantum information science. As a basis for the theory of electromagnetically induced transparency the authors consider the atomic dynamics and the optical response of the medium to a continuous-wave laser. They then discuss pulse propagation and the adiabatic evolution of field-coupled states and show how coherently prepared media can be used to improve frequency conversion in nonlinear optical mixing experiments. The extension of these concepts to very weak optical fields in the few-photon limit is then examined. The review concludes with a discussion of future prospects and potential new applications.
4,218 citations