Bruno Bianco

Bio: Bruno Bianco is an academic researcher from University of Genoa. The author has contributed to research in topics: Microstrip & Electromagnetic field. The author has an hindex of 22, co-authored 77 publications receiving 1310 citations.

Three-dimensional display system: apparatus and method

Abstract: In a presently preferred embodiment of the invention, a three-dimensional scene (10) is reproduced on a specialized light display (19) which offers full multiviewpoint capability and autostereoscopic views. The displayed image is produced using a set of M two-dimensional images of the scene collected at a set of distinct spatial locations. These M two-dimensional images are processed through a specialized mathematical encoding scheme to obtain a set of N x K display-excitation electrical-input signals, where K is the number of pixels in the display, and N ≤ M is the number of individual light-radiating elements within one pixel. The display is thus comprised of a total of N x K light-radiating elements. Each of the K pixels is adapted for control of their associated radiance patterns. The display is connected for response to the set of N x K display-excitation electrical-input signals. In this manner, the display provides a multiviewpoint and autostereoscopic three-dimensional image associated with the original three-dimensional scene. An alternative embodiment of the invention is utilized to provide efficient storage and display of 3D computer graphics images.

Computational methods for ultrasonic bone assessment.

Abstract: Ultrasound has been proposed as a means to noninvasively assess bone and, particularly, bone strength and fracture risk. Although there has been some success in this application, there is still much that is unknown regarding the propagation of ultrasound through bone. Because strength and fracture risk are a function of both bone mineral density and architectural structure, this study was carried out to examine how architecture and density interact in ultrasound propagation. Due to the difficulties inherent in obtaining fresh bone specimens and associated architectural and density features, simulation methods were used to explore the interactions of ultrasound with bone. A sample of calcaneal trabecular bone was scanned with micro-CT and subjected to morphological image processing (erosions and dilations) operations to obtain a total of 15 three-dimensional (3-D) data sets. Fifteen two-dimensional (2-D) slices obtained from the 3-D data sets were then analyzed to evaluate their respective architectures and densities. The architecture was characterized through the fabric feature, and the density was represented in terms of the bone volume fraction. Computer simulations of ultrasonic propagation through each of the 15 2-D bone slices were carried out, and the ultrasonic velocity and mean frequency of the received waveforms were evaluated. Results demonstrate that ultrasound propagation is affected by both density and architecture, although there was not a simple linear correlation between the relative degree of structural anisotropy with the ultrasound measurements. This study elucidates further aspects of propagation of ultrasound through bone, and demonstrates as well as the power of computational methods for ultrasound research in general and tissue and bone characterization in particular.

Computer-generated holograms of tilted planes by a spatial frequency approach

Abstract: Computer-generated holograms of plane surfaces tilted and shifted with respect to the hologram plane are considered. The analysis is made in the spatial frequency domain by using the translation and rotation transformations of angular spectra. The frequency approach permits the use of the fast-Fourier-transform algorithm, which decreases the computation time and makes it possible to consider any position of the planes in space. Various configurations of tilted and shifted planes have been investigated, and computer-generated holograms of off-axis planes have been obtained. Computer and optical reconstructions, both of which show the feasibility of the proposed approach, have been carried out.

Zeeman-Stark modeling of the RF EMF interaction with ligand binding.

Abstract: The influence of radiofrequency electromagnetic exposure on ligand binding to hydrophobic receptor proteins is a plausible early event of the interaction mechanism. A comprehensive quantum Zeeman-Stark model has been developed which takes into account the energy losses of the ligand ion due to its collisions inside the receptor crevice, the attracting nonlinear endogenous force due to the potential energy of the ion in the binding site, the out of equilibrium state of the ligand-receptor system due to the basal cell metabolism, and the thermal noise. The biophysical "output" is the change of the ligand binding probability that, in some instances, may be affected by a suitable low intensity exogenous electromagnetic "input" exposure, e.g., if the depth of the potential energy well of a putative receptor protein matches the energy of the radiofrequency photon. These results point toward both the possibility of the electromagnetic control of biochemical processes and the need for a new database of safety standards.

Frequency analysis of light diffraction between rotated planes

Abstract: The relation for the angular spectra of rotated planes is evaluated, starting from the knowledge of the mono-chromatic scalar field on a given plane. Diffracted light on a tilted plane can then be calculated in the frequency domain by fast-Fourier-transform algorithms. Unlike the Fresnel and Fraunhofer approaches, this analysis does not require approximations; as a consequence, it permits any positions in space for the planes under investigation. Digital images are generated, which show the effects of rotation.

Minimizing multimodal functions of continuous variables with the “simulated annealing” algorithm—Corrigenda for this article is available here

Abstract: A new global optimization algorithm for functions of continuous variables is presented, derived from the “Simulated Annealing” algorithm recently introduced in combinatorial optimization.The algorithm is essentially an iterative random search procedure with adaptive moves along the coordinate directions. It permits uphill moves under the control of a probabilistic criterion, thus tending to avoid the first local minima encountered.The algorithm has been tested against the Nelder and Mead simplex method and against a version of Adaptive Random Search. The test functions were Rosenbrock valleys and multiminima functions in 2,4, and 10 dimensions.The new method proved to be more reliable than the others, being always able to find the optimum, or at least a point very close to it. It is quite costly in term of function evaluations, but its cost can be predicted in advance, depending only slightly on the starting point.

Accurate Models for Microstrip Computer-Aided Design

Abstract: Very accurate and simple equations are presented for both single and coupled microstrip lines' electrical parameters, i.e. impedances, effective dielectric constants, and attenuation including the effect of anisotropy in the substrate. For the single microstrip the effects of dispersion and non-zero strip thickness are also included.

Insulated molecular wires.

Abstract: An astonishing assortment of structures have been described as "insulated molecular wires" (IMWs), thus illustrating the diversity of approaches to molecular-scale insulation. These systems demonstrate the scope of encapsulation in the molecular engineering of optoelectronic materials and organic semiconductors. This Review surveys the synthesis and structural characterization of IMWs, and highlights emerging structure-property relationships to determine how insulation can enhance the behavior of a molecular wire. We focus mainly on three IMW architectures: polyrotaxanes, polymer-wrapped pi systems, and dendronized polymers, and compare the properties of these systems with those of conjugated polymers threaded through mesoporous frameworks and zeolites. Encapsulation of molecular wires can enhance properties as diverse as luminescence, electrical transport, and chemical stability, which points to applications in electroluminescent displays, sensors, and the photochemical generation of hydrogen.

Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable

Abstract: WHAT is the theory of functions about? This question may be heard now and again from a mathematical student; and if, by way of a pattial reply, it be said that the elements of the theory of functions forms the basis on which the whole of that part of pure mathematics which deals with continuously varying quantity rests, the answer would not be too wide nor would it always imply too much. Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable. By Dr. A. R. Forsyth. (Cambridge University Press, 1893.)

Deconvolution methods for 3-D fluorescence microscopy images

Abstract: This paper presents an overview of various deconvolution techniques of 3D fluorescence microscopy images. It describes the subject of image deconvolution for 3D fluorescence microscopy images and provides an overview of the distortion issues in different areas. The paper presents a brief schematic description of fluorescence microscope systems and provides a summary of the microscope point-spread function (PSF), which often creates the most severe distortion in the acquired 3D image. Finally, it discusses the ongoing research work in the area and provides a brief review of performance measures of 3D deconvolution microscopy techniques. It also provides a summary of the numerical results using simulated data and presents the results obtained from the real data.