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C. C. Tung

Bio: C. C. Tung is an academic researcher from North Carolina State University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Breaking wave & Gravity wave. The author has an hindex of 15, co-authored 33 publications receiving 16817 citations.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new method for analysing nonlinear and nonstationary data has been developed, which is the key part of the method is the empirical mode decomposition method with which any complicated data set can be decoded.
Abstract: A new method for analysing nonlinear and non-stationary data has been developed. The key part of the method is the empirical mode decomposition method with which any complicated data set can be dec...

18,956 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Based on theoretical analysis and laboratory data, the authors proposed a unified two-parameter wave spectral model as is the mean squared surface elevation, and λ 0, n0 are the wavelength and frequency of the waves at the spectral peak.
Abstract: Based on theoretical analysis and laboratory data, we proposed a unified two-parameter wave spectral model as is the mean squared surface elevation, and λ0, n0 are the wavelength and frequency of the waves at the spectral peak This spectral model is independent of local wind Because the spectral model depends only on internal parameters, it contains information about fluid-dynamical processes For example, it maintains a variable bandwidth as a function of the significant slope which measures the nonlinearity of the wave field And it also contains the exact total energy of the true spectrum Comparisons of this spectral model with the JONSWAP model and field data show excellent agreements Thus we established an alternative approach for spectral models Future research efforts should concentrate on relating the internal parameters to the external environmental variables

135 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the Kitaigorodskii-Pierson-Moskowitz frequency spectrum is used as the basic spectral form for zero current condition and modified spectral functions in both wavenumber and frequency spaces under the influence of current are found by using energy conservation and kinematic wave conservation laws.
Abstract: Interactions between steady non-uniform currents and gravity waves are generalized to include the case of a random gravity wave field. The Kitaigorodskii-Pierson-Moskowitz frequency spectrum is used as the basic spectral form for zero current condition. Modified spectral functions in both wavenumber and frequency spaces under the influence of current are found by using energy conservation and kinematic wave conservation laws. The relative importance of the current-wave interaction was measured by the nondimensional parameter U/C0, with U as the current speed and C0 the phase speed of a wave under no current. As a result of the current-wave interaction, the magnitude and the location of the energy peak in the spectrum is altered. Since the phase speed of gravity waves is a monotonically decreasing function of wavenumber and frequency, the influence of current will be predominant at the higher wavenumber range. Furthermore, the contribution from the higher wavenumber range dominates the surface slo...

85 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a probability density function of the surface elevation of a nonlinear random wave field is obtained for both deep water waves and waves in finite depth, where the amplitude and phase of the first-order component of the Stokes wave are assumed to be Rayleigh and uniformly distributed and slowly varying, respectively.
Abstract: Probability density function of the surface elevation of a nonlinear random wave field is obtained. The wave model is based on the Stokes expansion carried to the third order for both deep water waves and waves in finite depth. The amplitude and phase of the first-order component of the Stokes wave are assumed to be Rayleigh and uniformly distributed and slowly varying, respectively. The probability density function for the deep water case was found to depend on two parameters: the root-mean-square surface elevation and the significant slope. For water of finite depth, an additional parameter, the nondimensional depth, is also required. An important difference between the present result and the Gram-Charlier representation is that the present probability density functions are always nonnegative. It is also found that the 'constant' term in the Stokes expansion, usually neglected in deterministic studies, plays an important role in determining the details of the density function. The results compare well with laboratory and field experiment data.

85 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a new approach using phase information to view and study the properties of frequency modulation, wave group structures, and wave breaking is presented, applied to ocean wave time series data and a new type of wave group (containing the large 'rogue' waves) is identified.
Abstract: A new approach using phase information to view and study the properties of frequency modulation, wave group structures, and wave breaking is presented. The method is applied to ocean wave time series data and a new type of wave group (containing the large 'rogue' waves) is identified. The method also has the capability of broad applications in the analysis of time series data in general.

40 citations


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The effect of the added white noise is to provide a uniform reference frame in the time–frequency space; therefore, the added noise collates the portion of the signal of comparable scale in one IMF.
Abstract: A new Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) is presented. This new approach consists of sifting an ensemble of white noise-added signal (data) and treats the mean as the final true result. Finite, not infinitesimal, amplitude white noise is necessary to force the ensemble to exhaust all possible solutions in the sifting process, thus making the different scale signals to collate in the proper intrinsic mode functions (IMF) dictated by the dyadic filter banks. As EEMD is a time–space analysis method, the added white noise is averaged out with sufficient number of trials; the only persistent part that survives the averaging process is the component of the signal (original data), which is then treated as the true and more physical meaningful answer. The effect of the added white noise is to provide a uniform reference frame in the time–frequency space; therefore, the added noise collates the portion of the signal of comparable scale in one IMF. With this ensemble mean, one can separate scales naturall...

6,437 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work proposes an entirely non-recursive variational mode decomposition model, where the modes are extracted concurrently and is a generalization of the classic Wiener filter into multiple, adaptive bands.
Abstract: During the late 1990s, Huang introduced the algorithm called Empirical Mode Decomposition, which is widely used today to recursively decompose a signal into different modes of unknown but separate spectral bands. EMD is known for limitations like sensitivity to noise and sampling. These limitations could only partially be addressed by more mathematical attempts to this decomposition problem, like synchrosqueezing, empirical wavelets or recursive variational decomposition. Here, we propose an entirely non-recursive variational mode decomposition model, where the modes are extracted concurrently. The model looks for an ensemble of modes and their respective center frequencies, such that the modes collectively reproduce the input signal, while each being smooth after demodulation into baseband. In Fourier domain, this corresponds to a narrow-band prior. We show important relations to Wiener filter denoising. Indeed, the proposed method is a generalization of the classic Wiener filter into multiple, adaptive bands. Our model provides a solution to the decomposition problem that is theoretically well founded and still easy to understand. The variational model is efficiently optimized using an alternating direction method of multipliers approach. Preliminary results show attractive performance with respect to existing mode decomposition models. In particular, our proposed model is much more robust to sampling and noise. Finally, we show promising practical decomposition results on a series of artificial and real data.

4,111 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It turns out that EMD acts essentially as a dyadic filter bank resembling those involved in wavelet decompositions, and the hierarchy of the extracted modes may be similarly exploited for getting access to the Hurst exponent.
Abstract: Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) has recently been pioneered by Huang et al. for adaptively representing nonstationary signals as sums of zero-mean amplitude modulation frequency modulation components. In order to better understand the way EMD behaves in stochastic situations involving broadband noise, we report here on numerical experiments based on fractional Gaussian noise. In such a case, it turns out that EMD acts essentially as a dyadic filter bank resembling those involved in wavelet decompositions. It is also pointed out that the hierarchy of the extracted modes may be similarly exploited for getting access to the Hurst exponent.

2,304 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, Hilbert spectral analysis is proposed as an alternative to wavelet analysis, which provides not only a more precise definition of particular events in time-frequency space, but also more physically meaningful interpretations of the underlying dynamic processes.
Abstract: We survey the newly developed Hilbert spectral analysis method and its applications to Stokes waves, nonlinear wave evolution processes, the spectral form of the random wave field, and turbulence. Our emphasis is on the inadequacy of presently available methods in nonlinear and nonstationary data analysis. Hilbert spectral analysis is here proposed as an alternative. This new method provides not only a more precise definition of particular events in time-frequency space than wavelet analysis, but also more physically meaningful interpretations of the underlying dynamic processes.

1,945 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Xiao Jing Wang1
TL;DR: A plethora of studies will be reviewed on the involvement of long-distance neuronal coherence in cognitive functions such as multisensory integration, working memory, and selective attention, and implications of abnormal neural synchronization are discussed as they relate to mental disorders like schizophrenia and autism.
Abstract: Synchronous rhythms represent a core mechanism for sculpting temporal coordination of neural activity in the brain-wide network. This review focuses on oscillations in the cerebral cortex that occur during cognition, in alert behaving conditions. Over the last two decades, experimental and modeling work has made great strides in elucidating the detailed cellular and circuit basis of these rhythms, particularly gamma and theta rhythms. The underlying physiological mechanisms are diverse (ranging from resonance and pacemaker properties of single cells to multiple scenarios for population synchronization and wave propagation), but also exhibit unifying principles. A major conceptual advance was the realization that synaptic inhibition plays a fundamental role in rhythmogenesis, either in an interneuronal network or in a reciprocal excitatory-inhibitory loop. Computational functions of synchronous oscillations in cognition are still a matter of debate among systems neuroscientists, in part because the notion of regular oscillation seems to contradict the common observation that spiking discharges of individual neurons in the cortex are highly stochastic and far from being clocklike. However, recent findings have led to a framework that goes beyond the conventional theory of coupled oscillators and reconciles the apparent dichotomy between irregular single neuron activity and field potential oscillations. From this perspective, a plethora of studies will be reviewed on the involvement of long-distance neuronal coherence in cognitive functions such as multisensory integration, working memory, and selective attention. Finally, implications of abnormal neural synchronization are discussed as they relate to mental disorders like schizophrenia and autism.

1,774 citations