https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(15)00298-6.pdf

Evidence for effective interventions to reduce mental-health-related stigma and discrimination

https://schererstefan.net/assets/files/papers/1-s2.0-S0167639315000369-main.pdf

A review of depression and suicide risk assessment using speech analysis

Stigma and discrimination in relation to mental illnesses have been described as having worse consequences than the conditions themselves. Most medical literature in this area of research has been descriptive and has focused on attitudes towards people with mental illness rather than on interventions to reduce stigma. In this narrative Review, we summarise what is known globally from published systematic reviews and primary data on effective interventions intended to reduce mental-illness-related stigma or discrimination. The main findings emerging from this narrative overview are that: (1) at the population level there is a fairly consistent pattern of short-term benefits for positive attitude change, and some lesser evidence for knowledge improvement; (2) for people with mental illness, some group-level anti-stigma inventions show promise and merit further assessment; (3) for specific target groups, such as students, social-contact-based interventions usually achieve short-term (but less clearly long-term) attitudinal improvements, and less often produce knowledge gains; (4) this is a heterogeneous field of study with few strong study designs with large sample sizes; (5) research from low-income and middle-income countries is conspicuous by its relative absence; (6) caution needs to be exercised in not overgeneralising lessons from one target group to another; (7) there is a clear need for studies with longer-term follow-up to assess whether initial gains are sustained or attenuated, and whether booster doses of the intervention are needed to maintain progress; (8) few studies in any part of the world have focused on either the service user's perspective of stigma and discrimination or on the behaviour domain of behavioural change, either by people with or without mental illness in the complex processes of stigmatisation. We found that social contact is the most effective type of intervention to improve stigma-related knowledge and attitudes in the short term. However, the evidence for longer-term benefit of such social contact to reduce stigma is weak. In view of the magnitude of challenges that result from mental health stigma and discrimination, a concerted effort is needed to fund methodologically strong research that will provide robust evidence to support decisions on investment in interventions to reduce stigma.

Evidence for effective interventions to reduce mental health related stigma and discrimination: narrative overview

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/wps.20472

The efficacy of smartphone-based mental health interventions for depressive symptoms: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Social determinants of mental disorders and the Sustainable Development Goals: a systematic review of reviews

Risk factors for suicide in individuals with depression: a systematic review.

Summary

Background

The collection of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) within the national PROMs programme for elective procedures is now established mandatory practice in the NHS with high response rates and completion.



Objectives

This review examines the evidence of PROMs for people with skin cancer.



Methods

Comprehensive searches were conducted using several sources and databases, using a detailed search strategy developed by the University of Oxford's PROM Group. Articles were assessed for eligibility. Data were extracted per PROM for each measurement property and appraised using an appraisal framework.



Results

A total of 3517 articles were identified in the searches, and 28 were included in the final review after assessment by two independent reviewers. Two generic instruments (SF-36 and Sickness Impact Profile) and nine condition-specific PROMs were identified.



Conclusions

Overall, there is a limited volume of published evidence for the application of generic PROMs for people with skin cancer. Evaluation of the EQ-5D may be particularly important given its widespread use in many other healthcare contexts in the U.K. The Skin Cancer Index could be considered for piloting in the NHS. For patients with nonmelanoma skin cancers, the Skindex measures may also be considered. The SCQOLIT has some evidence of applicability across both skin cancer types but more evaluations are needed. The FACT-M does have more promising characteristics for patients with malignant melanomas although no evidence of testing in the U.K. was found. The forthcoming EORTC-M may prove a useful measure given the expertise and track record of this European collaboration in cancer and quality of life.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/bjd.12310

A structured review of patient-reported outcome measures for patients with skin cancer, 2013.

A STRUCTURED REVIEW OF PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOME MEASURES (PROMs) FOR LUNG CANCER

THE USE OF PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOME MEASURES (PROMs) FOR PROPLE WITH THE FOUR MOST COMMON CANCERS IN THE UK – A STRUCTURED REVIEW

Screening for drug-induced hyperprolactinaemia, a condition characterised by higher-than-normal levels of serum prolactin induced by drug treatments, requires a comprehensive understanding of the clinical presentations and long-term complications of the condition. Using two databases, Embase and MEDLINE, we summarised the available evidence on the clinical presentations and long-term complications of drug-induced hyperprolactinaemia. Clinical and observational studies reporting on drug treatments known or suspected to induce hyperprolactinaemia were included. Database searches were limited to the English language; no date or geographic restrictions were applied. Fifty studies were identified for inclusion, comprising a variety of study designs and patient populations. Most data were reported in patients treated with antipsychotics, but symptoms were also described among patients receiving other drugs, such as prokinetic drugs and antidepressants. Notably, the diagnosis of drug-induced hyperprolactinaemia varied across studies since a standard definition of elevated prolactin levels was not consistently applied. Frequent clinical presentations of hyperprolactinaemia were menstrual cycle bleeding, breast or lactation disorders, and sexual dysfunctions, described in 80% (40/50), 74% (37/50), and 42% (21/50) of the included studies, respectively. In the few studies reporting such symptoms, the prevalence of vaginal dryness impacted up to 53% of females, and infertility in both sexes ranged from 15 to 31%. Clinicians should be aware of these symptoms related to drug-induced hyperprolactinaemia when treating patients with drugs that can alter prolactin levels. Future research should explore the long-term complications of drug-induced hyperprolactinaemia and apply accepted thresholds of elevated prolactin levels (i.e., 20 ng/mL for males and 25 ng/mL for females) to diagnose hyperprolactinaemia as a drug-induced adverse event.Trial Registration PROSPERO International Prospective Register Of Systematic Reviews (CRD42021245259). 

/pdf/clinical-presentations-of-drug-induced-hyperprolactinaemia-a-1tkoaiv9.pdf

C Casañas i Comabella

Papers

Risk factors for suicide in individuals with depression: a systematic review.

A structured review of patient-reported outcome measures for patients with skin cancer, 2013.

A STRUCTURED REVIEW OF PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOME MEASURES (PROMs) FOR LUNG CANCER

THE USE OF PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOME MEASURES (PROMs) FOR PROPLE WITH THE FOUR MOST COMMON CANCERS IN THE UK – A STRUCTURED REVIEW

Clinical Presentations of Drug-Induced Hyperprolactinaemia: A Literature Review