Author
C. Lu
Bio: C. Lu is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Psychopathology & Poison control. The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 2 publications receiving 31 citations.
Topics: Psychopathology, Poison control, Risk factor, Anxiety, Neuroticism
Papers
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Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics1, Fudan University2, Shanghai Jiao Tong University3, Tongji University4, Jiangsu University5, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University6, Zhengzhou University7, Harbin Medical University8, Sichuan University9, Capital Medical University10, China Medical University (PRC)11, Sun Yat-sen University12, Shanxi Medical University13, Jinan University14, Hebei Medical University15, Lanzhou University16, Fourth Military Medical University17, Virginia Commonwealth University18
TL;DR: The results suggest that cultural factors impact on patterns of parenting and their association with MD, and high parental protectiveness is generally pathogenic in Western countries but protective in China, especially when received from the father.
Abstract: Background. In Western countries, a history of major depression (MD) is associated with reports of received parenting that is low in warmth and caring and high in control and authoritarianism. Does a similar pattern exist in women in China? Method. Received parenting was assessed by a shortened version of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) in two groups of Han Chinese women: 1970 clinically ascertained cases with recurrent MD and 2597 matched controls. MD was assessed at personal interview. Results. Factor analysis of the PBI revealed three factors for both mothers and fathers : warmth, protectiveness, and authoritarianism. Lower warmth and protectiveness and higher authoritarianism from both mother and father were significantly associated with risk for recurrent MD. Parental warmth was positively correlated with parental protectiveness and negatively correlated with parental authoritarianism. When examined together, paternal warmth was more strongly associated with lowered risk for MD than maternal warmth. Furthermore, paternal protectiveness was negatively and maternal protectiveness positively associated with risk for MD. Conclusions. Although the structure of received parenting is very similar in China and Western countries, the association with MD is not. High parental protectiveness is generally pathogenic in Western countries but protective in China, especially when received from the father. Our results suggest that cultural factors impact on patterns of parenting and their association with MD.
37 citations
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Fudan University1, China Medical University (PRC)2, Zhengzhou University3, Jiangsu University4, Capital Medical University5, Shanxi Medical University6, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University7, Sun Yat-sen University8, Lanzhou University9, Chongqing Medical University10, Harbin Medical University11, Fourth Military Medical University12, Sichuan University13, Tongji University14, Jinan University15, Shantou University16, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics17, Virginia Commonwealth University18
TL;DR: During the worst episode of MD in Han Chinese women, the endorsement of the cognitive trio was associated with a worse course of depression and an increased risk of suicide.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies support Beck's cognitive model of vulnerability to depression. However, the relationship between his cognitive triad and other clinical features and risk factors among those with major depression (MD) has rarely been systematically studied. Method The three key cognitive symptoms of worthlessness, hopelessness and helplessness were assessed during their lifetime worst episode in 1970 Han Chinese women with recurrent MD. Diagnostic and other risk factor information was assessed at personal interview. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by logistic regression. RESULTS: Compared to patients who did not endorse the cognitive trio, those who did had a greater number of DSM-IV A criteria, more individual depressive symptoms, an earlier age at onset, a greater number of episodes, and were more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for melancholia, postnatal depression, dysthymia and anxiety disorders. Hopelessness was highly related to all the suicidal symptomatology, with ORs ranging from 5.92 to 6.51. Neuroticism, stressful life events (SLEs) and a protective parental rearing style were associated with these cognitive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: During the worst episode of MD in Han Chinese women, the endorsement of the cognitive trio was associated with a worse course of depression and an increased risk of suicide. Individuals with high levels of neuroticism, many SLEs and high parental protectiveness were at increased risk for these cognitive depressive symptoms. As in Western populations, symptoms of the cognitive trio appear to play a central role in the psychopathology of MD in Chinese women. Language: en
5 citations
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TL;DR: It is suggested that a negative view of the future is the core causal element of depression, and future-oriented treatment strategies drawn from cognitive-behavioural therapy help to fix poor prospection.
Abstract: Objectives
Prospection, the mental representation of possible futures, is usually adaptive. When it goes awry, however, it disrupts emotion and motivation. A negative view of the future is typically seen as one symptom of depression, but we suggest that such negative prospection is the core causal element of depression. Here, we describe the empirical evidence supporting this framework, and we explore the implications for clinical interventions.
Methods
We integrate several literatures: Using the database PsycInfo, we retrieved empirical studies with the keywords prospection, prediction, expectation, pessimism, mental simulation, future-thinking, future-directed thinking, foresight, and/or mental time travel, in conjunction with depression, depressed, or depressive.
Results
Three kinds of faulty prospection, taken together, could drive depression: Poor generation of possible futures, poor evaluation of possible futures, and negative beliefs about the future. Depressed mood and poor functioning, in turn, may maintain faulty prospection and feed a vicious cycle. Future-oriented treatment strategies drawn from cognitive-behavioural therapy help to fix poor prospection, and they deserve to be developed further.
Conclusions
Prospection-based techniques may lead to transdiagnostic treatment strategies for depression and other disorders.
Practitioner points
Faulty prospection may be the core process underlying depression.
Three general problems of prospection, taken together, could drive depression: Poor generation of possible futures, poor evaluation of possible futures, and negative beliefs about the future.
Faulty prospection can be helped using future-oriented treatment strategies from cognitive-behavioural therapy, and basic research on prospection points to additional future-oriented clinical strategies for alleviating depression.
More research is needed to determine whether prospection drives depression, and whether future-focused interventions are more effective than those focused on the past and present.
103 citations
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TL;DR: Based on the largest sample of patients with factitious disorder analyzed to date, the findings offer an important first step toward an evidence-based approach to the disorder.
88 citations
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Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics1, Virginia Commonwealth University2, Shanghai Mental Health Center3, XinHua Hospital4, Shanxi Medical University5, China Medical University (PRC)6, Capital Medical University7, Sun Yat-sen University8, Jiangsu University9, Harbin Medical University10, Chongqing Medical University11, Sichuan University12, Lanzhou University13, Shantou University14, Tongji University15, Jinan University16, Tianjin First Center Hospital17
TL;DR: Three subtypes were most consistently identified in analyses: severe, atypical and non-suicidal, which may represent a pathoplastic variant reflecting Chinese cultural influences.
Abstract: Background Despite substantial research, uncertainty remains about the clinical and etiological heterogeneity of major depression (MD). Can meaningful and valid subtypes be identified and would they be stable cross-culturally? Method Symptoms at their lifetime worst depressive episode were assessed at structured psychiatric interview in 6008 women of Han Chinese descent, age ⩾ 30 years, with recurrent DSM-IV MD. Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed in Mplus. RESULTS; Using the nine DSM-IV MD symptomatic A criteria, the 14 disaggregated DSM-IV criteria and all independently assessed depressive symptoms (n = 27), the best LCA model identified respectively three, four and six classes. A severe and non-suicidal class was seen in all solutions, as was a mild/moderate subtype. An atypical class emerged once bidirectional neurovegetative symptoms were included. The non-suicidal class demonstrated low levels of worthlessness/guilt and hopelessness. Patterns of co-morbidity, family history, personality, environmental precipitants, recurrence and body mass index (BMI) differed meaningfully across subtypes, with the atypical class standing out as particularly distinct. Conclusions MD is a clinically complex syndrome with several detectable subtypes with distinct clinical and demographic correlates. Three subtypes were most consistently identified in our analyses: severe, atypical and non-suicidal. Severe and atypical MD have been identified in multiple prior studies in samples of European ethnicity. Our non-suicidal subtype, with low levels of guilt and hopelessness, may represent a pathoplastic variant reflecting Chinese cultural influences.
58 citations
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TL;DR: A heterogeneous course and background of maternal depressive symptoms is suggested, which should be considered in intervention planning.
54 citations
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TL;DR: Vasopressin has a role in enhancing empathy among individuals who received higher levels of paternal warmth and no main or interaction effects were found forindividuals who received oxytocin.
49 citations