Preface (1999) Preface (1990) 1. Subjects of Sex/Gender/Desire I. 'Women' as the Subject of Feminism II. The Compulsory Order of Sex/Gender/Desire III. Gender: The Circular Ruins of Contemporary Debate IV. Theorizing the Binary, the Unitary and Beyond V. Identity, Sex and the Metaphysics of Substance VI. Language, Power and the Strategies of Displacement 2. Prohibition, Psychoanalysis, and the Production of the Heterosexual Matrix I. Structuralism's Critical Exchange II. Lacan, Riviere, and the Strategies of Masquerade III. Freud and the Melancholia of Gender IV. Gender Complexity and the Limits of Identification V. Reformulating Prohibition as Power 3. Subversive Bodily Acts I. The Body Politics of Julia Kristeva II. Foucault, Herculine, and the Politics of Sexual Discontinuity III. Monique Wittig - Bodily Disintegration and Fictive Sex IV. Bodily Inscriptions, Performative Subversions Conclusion - From Parody to Politics

Postmodern Subjects, Postmodern BodiesThinking Fragments: Psychoanalysis, Feminism, and Postmodernism in the Contemporary WestYearning: Race, Gender, and Cultural PoliticsGender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.2307%2F3342422.pdf

Inequalities in Health: The Black Report

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(18)32114-7.pdf

The UCL–Lancet Commission on Migration and Health: the health of a world on the move

With the unprecedented international migration seen in recent years, policies that limit health care access have become prevalent. Barriers to health care for undocumented immigrants go beyond policy and range from financial limitations, to discrimination and fear of deportation. This paper is aimed at reviewing the literature on barriers to health care for undocumented immigrants and identifying strategies that have or could be used to address these barriers. To address study questions, we conducted a literature review of published articles from the last 10 years in PubMed using three main concepts: immigrants, undocumented, and access to health care. The search yielded 341 articles of which 66 met study criteria. With regard to barriers, we identified barriers in the policy arena focused on issues related to law and policy including limitations to access and type of health care. These varied widely across countries but ultimately impacted the type and amount of health care any undocumented immigrant could receive. Within the health system, barriers included bureaucratic obstacles including paperwork and registration systems. The alternative care available (safety net) was generally limited and overwhelmed. Finally, there was evidence of widespread discriminatory practices within the health care system itself. The individual level focused on the immigrant's fear of deportation, stigma, and lack of capital (both social and financial) to obtain services. Recommendations identified in the papers reviewed included advocating for policy change to increase access to health care for undocumented immigrants, providing novel insurance options, expanding safety net services, training providers to better care for immigrant populations, and educating undocumented immigrants on navigating the system. There are numerous barriers to health care for undocumented immigrants. These vary by country and frequently change. Despite concerns that access to health care attracts immigrants, data demonstrates that people generally do not migrate to obtain health care. Solutions are needed that provide for noncitizens' health care.

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Barriers to health care for undocumented immigrants: a literature review.

Pour Michel Foucault, notre conception de la folie comme « maladie mentale » est le produit de notre culture et de notre histoire

Histoire de la folie à l'âge classique

Background: The aim of this article is to characterize policies regarding the right of access to health care for undocumented migrants in the 27 Member States of the European Union and to identify the extent to which these entitlements are congruent with human rights standards. Methods: The study is based on a questionnaire sent to experts, non-governmental organizations and authorities in the Member States between April and December 2009, as well as on available reports and official websites. Primary sources were also consulted as regards legislation. Results: Right of access to health care differs considerably between Member States. States can be grouped into 3 clusters: in 5 countries undocumented migrants have the right to access care that is more extensive than emergency care; in 12 countries they can only access emergency care and in 10 countries not even emergency care can be accessed. These variations are independent of the system of financing or the numbers of undocumented migrants present. Rather, they seem to relate to the intersection between practices of control of migration, the main types of undocumented migrants present and the basic norms of the welfare state—the ‘moral economy’ of the work society. Conclusion: International obligations articulated in human rights standards are not fully met in the majority of Member States. A more complete understanding of the differing policies might be obtained by considering the relationship between the formal and informal economy, as well as the role of human rights standards within the current ‘moral economy’.

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Right of access to health care for undocumented migrants in EU : a comparative study of national policies

This article outlines Public Social Services’ encounters with irregular migrants in Sweden from the perspectives of institutional and street-level bureaucrats. Staff and executive considerations are influenced by a de jure exclusion of irregular migrants, which is an element of the control of migration. Staff face contradictory demands concerning international and national regulations, which leads to legal ambiguities open to discretionary powers. The aim is to explore the handling of such cases, experiences and considerations with an interest in the values that are invoked when enacting discretion and to discuss implications of the unclear legal situation. The material was obtained using web-based questionnaires. A tentative analysis confirms that the Public Social Services encounter irregular migrants and that handling differs greatly. It suggests that different approaches and the contradictory legal framework endanger the rule of law. Differing reference points appear to be invoked when enacting discre...

Public social services’ encounters with irregular migrants in Sweden : amid values of social work and control of migration

Detta kapitel handlar a ena sidan om manniskor som uppehaller sig i Sverige utan tillstand och a andra sidan om socialtjanstens, skolans, sjukvardens med fleras uppdrag och ansvar. Som papekas i Inledningen saknas det nastan helt sakra data om denna grupp. I avsaknad av registerdata och enkatundersokningar hanvisas man darfor till den begransade forskningen som existerar, mindre undersokningar, fallbeskrivningar och intervjuer som finns att tillga. De flesta undersokningar grundas pa uppgifter fran dem som har sokt hjalp daremot finns det mycket begransad information om den grupp vars halsotillstand kanske ar mindre problematiskt. Kapitlet behandlar aven de oforenligheter som kan uppsta mellan olika politikomraden (migrationspolitik kontra social-, halsovards- och sjukvards- samt utbildningspolitik) nar manniskor befinner sig i Sverige utan lagligt stod. Dessutom har staten aven krav pa sig att uppfylla och respektera de manskliga rattigheter som omfattas av de internationella konventioner som Sverige har ratificerat.

Social rapport 2010

This search for new orientations in the migration policy concerns all European States. Discussions around some new migration laws started with enormous polemics, for instance in Germany, France, Italy or Switzerland. It’s a sort of European “Migration crisis”, like Weiner (1995) calls it, indicating this difficulty to find viable solutions for new migration regimes. But which solution is actually adequate for this increasingly complex migration? To this question, many local, regional, national and, since the beginning of 2004, international commissions are searching for answers.

/pdf/difference-sensitivity-in-the-field-of-migration-and-health-23djf0bv7k.pdf

Difference Sensitivity in the Field of Migration and Health : national policies compared

The Nordic states have extensive welfare systems in which the local social services are an important component. Despite a growing research on disaster resilience, we lack research examining in systematic way whether and how local social services in the Nordic countries contribute to resilience. Aiming to fill this gap, this article asks whether we can identify a common Nordic model of the role of local social services in disasters, or whether the countries have taken different paths. We use policy documents and legislation to examine the extent to which roles for local social services are embedded in the disaster management systems of the five Nordic countries. We analyze the institutional organization in each country, as well as the models of social services related to disasters from a comparative perspective. We find that the Nordic countries have chosen quite different paths regarding local social services’ role in disaster management and conclude that there is no Nordic model. Another general conclusion is that a more robust position of local social services within the disaster management system might enhance disaster resilience in the Nordic countries as a whole.

Carin Björngren Cuadra

Papers

Right of access to health care for undocumented migrants in EU : a comparative study of national policies

Public social services’ encounters with irregular migrants in Sweden : amid values of social work and control of migration

Social rapport 2010

Difference Sensitivity in the Field of Migration and Health : national policies compared

Local social services in disaster management : Is there a Nordic model?