Carina Marcus

Abstract: A concept called Military Utility is proposed for the study of the use of technology in military operations. The proposed concept includes a three-level structure representing key features and their detailed components. On basic level the Military Utility of a technical system, to a military actor, in a specific context, is a compound measure of the military effectiveness, of the assessed technical system's suitability to the military capability system and of the affordability. The concept is derived through conceptual analysis and is based on related concepts used in social sciences, the military domain and Systems Engineering. It is argued that the concept has qualitative explanatory powers and can support military decision-making regarding technology in forecasts, defense planning, development, utilization and the lessons learned process. The suggested concept is expected to contribute to the development of the science of Military-Technology and to be found useful to actors related to defense.

Abstract: Designing combat aircraft with high military effectiveness, affordability and military suitability requires balancing the efforts of many engineering disciplines during all phases of the developmen ...

Abstract: The aircraft design process has several phases, the first of which is conceptual design. In this phase, models describing an aircraft concept’s properties are used to evaluate its function and iden ...

Abstract: One way of improving situational awareness without increasing the risk of detection is to use passive sensor systems. If this capability is provided by several aircraft in a cluster, which can incorporate small basic sensor platforms, advantages can be gained such as longer baselines and an increased number of sensors in the cluster. In this paper, a methodology is presented that links results from signal processing to a Design Space Exploration, DSE, regarding sensor clusters when designing clusters that can operate both independently and in cooperation with other systems. When using Time-Difference of Arrival, the accuracy of the estimated location of a signal source depends on errors in timing and positioning of the sensors, errors in estimating signal arrival times and number of sensors and their spatial distribution. The Cramer-Rao Lower Bound is used to investigate the accuracy of signal source estimates for five different clusters and two levels of timing and positioning accuracy. The results show that the direction of arrival estimates are more accurate than those for the range. Although more sensors generally increased the accuracy, their spatial distribution and baseline related to the distance to the signal source also influence the quality of the results. The DSE process is supported by the collected presentation of the data regarding the measurement accuracy of the different sensor configurations, incorporating both cluster configuration as well as the positioning and timing. Having readily accessible data, the decision makers can focus on choosing the sensor system that meets the operational needs.

Abstract: The military decision-making process is a proven analytical process for designing operations, troops’ movements, logistics or air defense planning. The hybrid FAHP-MABAC model is tested for obtaining/selecting the results for an optimal firing position of the guided anti-tank missile battery (GAMB).This study provides a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model so that the confidence interval of fuzzy numbers describes the comparison in pairs whose degree is not determined before the comparison. By using mathematical expressions the confidence interval is brought into direct connection with the degree of certainty of decision-makers/expert of the comparison performed. In the group decision-making, the confidence intervals differ depending on the decision-maker/expert’s opinion. Finally the sensitivity analysis is used to determine how sensitive a decision model is. The suggested model is expected to contribute to the development of the science of military-operations as well as to prove itself useful to the actors related to defense.

Abstract: Serpentine nozzle is used to improve the stealth performance of military aircraft due to its ability to suppress the infrared signature. Investigation of the effect of engine swirl on the infrared signature of the serpentine nozzle is the primary objective of this study. The results showed that the engine swirl could effectively suppress the infrared signature, while inducing a small performance loss. Moreover, the engine swirl mainly contributed to the infrared signature suppression from the gas. The hot streak induced by the engine swirl affected the wall infrared signature level; however, exhibited limited effect on the total infrared signature level of the serpentine nozzle. The swirl angle significantly affected the infrared signature level of the serpentine nozzle. Compared to the no-swirl case, the average reduction of the total infrared signature level increased from 2.29% to 13.84% in the horizontal plane, and from 5.83% to 31.21% in the vertical plane with the increase in the swirl angle from 5° to 20°.