Experience and Educationis the best concise statement on education ever published by John Dewey, the man acknowledged to be the pre-eminent educational theorist of the twentieth century. Written more than two decades after Democracy and Education(Dewey's most comprehensive statement of his position in educational philosophy), this book demonstrates how Dewey reformulated his ideas as a result of his intervening experience with the progressive schools and in the light of the criticisms his theories had received. Analysing both "traditional" and "progressive" education, Dr. Dewey here insists that neither the old nor the new education is adequate and that each is miseducative because neither of them applies the principles of a carefully developed philosophy of experience. Many pages of this volume illustrate Dr. Dewey's ideas for a philosophy of experience and its relation to education. He particularly urges that all teachers and educators looking for a new movement in education should think in terms of the deeped and larger issues of education rather than in terms of some divisive "ism" about education, even such an "ism" as "progressivism." His philosophy, here expressed in its most essential, most readable form, predicates an American educational system that respects all sources of experience, on that offers a true learning situation that is both historical and social, both orderly and dynamic.

经验与教育 = Experience and education

How people intentionally change addictive behaviors with and without treatment is not well understood by behavioral scientists. This article summarizes research on self-initiated and professionally facilitated change of addictive behaviors using the key transtheoretical constructs of stages and processes of change. Modification of addictive behaviors involves progression through five stages—precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance—and individuals typically recycle through these stages several times before termination of the addiction. Multiple studies provide strong support for these stages as well as for a finite and common set of change processes used to progress through the stages. Research to date supports a transtheoretical model of change that systematically integrates the stages with processes of change from diverse theories of psychotherapy.

http://cedd.org.au/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/In-Search-of-How-People-Change-Applications-to-Addictive-Behaviours.pdf

In search of how people change: Applications to addictive behaviors.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comprises a deficit in behavioral inhibition. A theoretical model is constructed that links inhibition to 4 executive neuropsychological functions that appear to depend on it for their effective execution: (a) working memory, (b) self-regulation of affect-motivation-arousal, (c) internalization of speech, and (d) reconstitution (behavioral analysis and synthesis). Extended to ADHD, the model predicts that ADHD should be associated with secondary impairments in these 4 executive abilities and the motor control they afford. The author reviews evidence for each of these domains of functioning and finds it to be strongest for deficits in behavioral inhibition, working memory, regulation of motivation, and motor control in those with ADHD. Although the model is promising as a potential theory of self-control and ADHD, far more research is required to evaluate its merits and the many predictions it makes about ADHD.

/pdf/behavioral-inhibition-sustained-attention-and-executive-3s4ta68l66.pdf

Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of ADHD.

Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research

Perhaps our most important quality as humans is our capability to self-regulate. It has provided us with an adaptive edge that enabled our ancestors to survive and even flourish when changing conditions led other species to extinction. Our regulatory skill and lack thereof is the source of our perception of personal agency that lies at the core of our sense of self. Understanding how this capability develops, its various subcomponents, and its functions has been a major thrust of social cognitive theory and research. Of equal importance is the explanation for common dysfunctions in self-regulatory functioning, such as biased self-monitoring, self-blaming judgments, and defensive self-reactions. This chapter will define self-regulation, and will discuss the structure of self-regulatory systems, social and physical environmental context influences on self-regulation, dysfunctions in self-regulation, and self-regulatory development. (http://books.google.fr/books?id=u9e1RWMbtjEC&lpg=PP1&hl=fr&pg=PA13#v=onepage&q&f=false)

Attaining self-regulation: A social cognitive perspective.

The investigation of spiritual/religious factors in health is clearly warranted and clinically relevant. This special section explores the persistent predictive relationship between religious variables and health, and its implications for future research and practice. The section reviews epidemiological evidence linking religiousness to morbidity and mortality, possible biological pathways linking spirituality/religiousness to health, and advances in the assessment of spiritual/religious variables in research and practice. This introduction provides an overview of this field of research and addresses 3 related methodological issues: definitions of terms, approaches to statistical control, and criteria used to judge the level of supporting evidence for specific hypotheses. The study of spirituality and health is a true frontier for psychology and one with high public interest.

https://psycnet.apa.org/journals/amp/58/1/24.pdf

Spirituality, religion, and health. An emerging research field.

Evidence is presented that bears on 9 hypotheses about the link between religion or spirituality and mortality, morbidity, disability, or recovery from illness. In healthy participants, there is a strong, consistent, prospective, and often graded reduction in risk of mortality in church/service attenders. This reduction is approximately 25% after adjustment for confounders. Religion or spirituality protects against cardiovascular disease, largely mediated by the healthy lifestyle it encourages. Evidence fails to support a link between depth of religiousness and physical health. In patients, there are consistent failures to support the hypotheses that religion or spirituality slows the progression of cancer or improves recovery from acute illness but some evidence that religion or spirituality impedes recovery from acute illness. The authors conclude that church/service attendance protects healthy people against death. More methodologically sound studies are needed.

https://psych415.class.uic.edu/Readings/Powell,%20Religion,%20spirituality,%20health,%20AmPsy,%202003.pdf

Religion and spirituality. Linkages to physical health.

A meta-analysis of data (mm 42 independent samples examining the association of a measure of religious involvement and all-cause mortality is reported. Religious involvement was significantly associated with lower mortality (odds ratio = 1.29; 95% confidence interval: 1.20-1.39), indicating that people high in religious involvement were more likely to be alive at follow-up than people lower in religious involvement. Although the strength of the religious involvement-mortality association varied as a function of several moderator variables, the association of religious involvement and mortality was robust and on the order of magnitude that has come to be expected for psychosocial factors. Conclusions did not appear to be due to publication bias.

/pdf/religious-involvement-and-mortality-a-meta-analytic-review-32rxp4hwcv.pdf

Religious Involvement and Mortality: A Meta-Analytic Review

There has been great interest in determining if mindfulness can be cultivated and if this cultivation leads to well-being. The current study offers preliminary evidence that at least one aspect of mindfulness, measured by the Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS; K. W. Brown & R. M. Ryan, 2003), can be cultivated and does mediate positive outcomes. Further, adherence to the practices taught during the meditation-based interventions predicted positive outcomes. College undergraduates were randomly allocated between training in two distinct meditation-based interventions, Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR; J. Kabat-Zinn, 1990; n=15) and E. Easwaran's (1978/1991) Eight Point Program (EPP; n=14), or a waitlist control (n=15). Pretest, posttest, and 8-week follow-up data were gathered on self-report outcome measures. Compared to controls, participants in both treatment groups (n=29) demonstrated increases in mindfulness at 8-week follow-up. Further, increases in mindfulness mediated reductions in perceived stress and rumination. These results suggest that distinct meditation-based practices can increase mindfulness as measured by the MAAS, which may partly mediate benefits. Implications and future directions are discussed.

Cultivating mindfulness: effects on well-being.

1. The Psychology of Forgiveness: History, Conceptual Issues, and Overview, Michael E. McCullough, Kenneth I. Pargament, and Carl E. Thoresen I. Conceptual and Measurement Issues 2.Religious Perspectives on Forgiveness, Mark S. Rye, Kenneth I. Pargament, M. Amir Ali, Guy L. Beck, Elliot N. Dorff, Charles Hallisey, Vasudha Narayanan, and James G. Williams 3.The Meaning of Forgiveness in a Specific Situational and Cultural Context: Persons Living with HIV/AIDS in India, Lydia R. Temoshok and Prabha S. Chandra 4. What We Know (and Need to Know) about Assessing Forgiveness Constructs, Michael E. McCullough, K. Chris Rachal, and William T. Hoyt II. Basic Psychological Research 5. The Neuropsychological Correlates of Forgiveness, Andrew B. Newberg, Eugene G. d'Aquili, Stephanie K. Newberg, and Verushka deMarici 6. Developmental and Cognitive Points of View on Forgiveness, Etienne Mullet and Michele Girard 7. Expressing Forgiveness and Repentance: Benefits and Barriers, Julie Juola Exline and Roy F. Baumeister 8. Personality and Forgiveness, Robert A. Emmons III. Applications in Counseling, Psychotherapy, and Health 9. Forgiveness as a Process of Change in Individual Psychotherapy, Wanda M. Malcolm and Leslie S. Greenberg 10. The Use of Forgiveness in Marital Therapy, Kristina Coop Gordon, Donald H. Baucom, and Douglas K. Snyder 11. Group Interventions to Promote Forgiveness: What Researchers and Clinicians Ought to Know, Everett L. Worthington, Jr., Steven J. Sandage, and Jack W. Berry 12. Forgiveness and Health: An Unanswered Question, Carl E. Thoresen, Alex H. S. Harris, and Frederic Luskin 13. Forgiveness in Pastoral Care and Counseling, John Patton IV. Conclusion 14. The Frontier of Forgiveness: Seven Directions for Psychological Study and Practice, Kenneth I. Pargament, Michael E. McCullough, and Carl E. Thoresen

Carl E. Thoresen

Papers

Spirituality, religion, and health. An emerging research field.

Religion and spirituality. Linkages to physical health.

Religious Involvement and Mortality: A Meta-Analytic Review

Cultivating mindfulness: effects on well-being.

Forgiveness: Theory, research, and practice.