Carl M. Lampert

Bio: Carl M. Lampert is an academic researcher from University of California, Berkeley. The author has contributed to research in topics: Electrochromism & Nickel oxide. The author has an hindex of 12, co-authored 21 publications receiving 1373 citations. Previous affiliations of Carl M. Lampert include Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

Electrochromic materials and devices for energy-efficient windows

Abstract: Numerous inorganic and organic electrochromic materials are discussed in the context of developing a film-based optical shutter for a window application. It is possible electronically to alter a window's transmission and reflection properties by use of electrochromic thin films. This allows regulation of conductive and radiative heat transfer rates, with variable optical attenuation. As a result, an aperture can be optically and thermally managed, reducing space heating and cooling loads. The properties of transition metal oxides, such as WO 3 , MoO 3 , Ir 2 O 3 and V 2 O 5 are detailed. Organic systems such as heptyl viologen and polytungsten anion are reviewed. Also, intercalated structures are discussed. Various designs of working devices are outlined with emphasis on solid-state configurations. From this quantification, materials and devices with appropriate deposition techniques for window applications are detailed.

Materials for photothermal solar energy conversion

Abstract: Commencally or potentially available selective and non-selective absorber surfaces for solar heat collectors are reviewed and the state-of-the-art of solar collector corrosion processes is outlined. The review of available published literature has indicated that a lack of quantitative information exists, relative to corrosion of collector surfaces. Available information (mostly qualitative) on durability aspects and corrosion of solar receiver surfaces is described to indicate potential corrosion problem areas and corrosion prevention possibilities. An outline of appropriate durability tests is presented.

Coatings for enhanced photothermal energy collection I. Selective absorbers

Abstract: For economical and efficient utilization of solar energy various types of absorber coatings and preparations can be used for solar collectors. In this study several varieties of commercial and research selective absorbers are reviewed and tabulated for application. For many of these coatings, detailed reflectance, emittance and thermal stability data are presented. Selective coatings can take advantage of various optical absorption methods including light trapping, particulate coatings, semiconductor-metallic layers, multilayer films, quantum size effects and intrinsic absorption. The results of this study revealed many promising low temperature (150–300° C) absorber coatings along with a few highly engineered coatings which can withstand temperatures above 500° C.

Transparent silica aerogels for window insulation

Abstract: Supercritically drying a colloidal gel of silica produces a porous material called an aerogel. These aerogels not only are excellent thermal insulators, but also can be highly transparent. We investigate the microstructure and optical properties of transparent silica aerogels and calculate the energy transfer through hypothetical aerogel windows.

Microstructure of a black chrome solar selective absorber

Abstract: The structure of Harshaw Chemicals' “CHROM-ONYX” type of black chrome/metal selective absorber was studied to gain a better understanding of its influence upon the mechanism of wavelength selectivity. Spectral reflectance measurements were performed on seven samples. In this study, the best selectivity was found by these measurements to be 1.0 μm of black chrome on copper and 0.7 μm of black chrome on nickel. Both transmission and scanning electron microscopy were employed to study microstructure and chemical composition. As a result of the combined studies, some effects of black chrome thickness and the metallic substrate were determined. It was found that black chrome consisted of a very fine metallic distribution of particles of chromium, possibly suspended within a matrix of an oxide of chromium. This combination was, inturn, agglomerated into larger particles within the 0.05–0.3 μm size range. These larger particles formed a network which constituted the surface coating.

Evaporated Sn‐doped In2O3 films: Basic optical properties and applications to energy‐efficient windows

Abstract: We review work on In2O3:Sn films prepared by reactive e‐beam evaporation of In2O3 with up to 9 mol % SnO2 onto heated glass. These films have excellent spectrally selective properties when the deposition rate is ∼0.2 nm/s, the substrate temperature is ≳150 °C, and the oxygen pressure is ∼5×10−4 Torr. Optimized coatings have crystallite dimensions ≳50 nm and a C‐type rare‐earth oxide structure. We cover electromagnetic properties as recorded by spectrophotometry in the 0.2–50‐μm range, by X‐band microwave reflectance, and by dc electrical measurements. Hall‐effect data are included. An increase of the Sn content is shown to have several important effects: the semiconductor band gap is shifted towards the ultraviolet, the luminous transmittance remains high, the infrared reflectance increases to a high value beyond a certain wavelength which shifts towards the visible, phonon‐induced infrared absorption bands vanish, the microwave reflectance goes up, and the dc resisitivity drops to ∼2×10−4 Ω cm. The corre...

Sol-gel chemistry of transition metal oxides

Abstract: Etude de la preparation d'un gel colloidal par un procede sol gel Determination des proprietes electriques et electrochimiques

Properties, requirements and possibilities of smart windows for dynamic daylight and solar energy control in buildings: A state-of-the-art review

Abstract: Acknowledgements. This work was supported by the Research Council of Norway, AF Gruppen, Glava, Hunton Fiber as, Icopal, Isola, Jackon, maxit, Moelven ByggModul, Ramboll, Skanska, Statsbygg and Takprodusentenes forskningsgruppe through the SINTEF/NTNU research project ‘Robust Envelope Construction Details for Buildings of the 21st Century’ (ROBUST).

Infrared regulating smart window based on organic materials

Abstract: Windows are vital elements in the built environment that have a large impact on the energy consumption in indoor spaces, affecting heating and cooling and artificial lighting requirements. Moreover, they play an important role in sustaining human health and well-being. In this review, we discuss the next generation of smart windows based on organic materials which can change their properties by reflecting or transmitting excess solar energy (infrared radiation) in such a way that comfortable indoor temperatures can be maintained throughout the year. Moreover, we place emphasis on windows that maintain transparency in the visible region so that additional energy is not required to retain natural illumination. We discuss a number of ways to fabricate windows which remain as permanent infrared control elements throughout the year as well as windows which can alter transmission properties in presence of external stimuli like electric fields, temperature and incident light intensity. We also show the potential impact of these windows on energy saving in different climate conditions.