Carla D McManus

TL;DR: A robust agreement which is followed by all parties is essential in initiating and maintaining opioid therapy as such agreements reduce overuse, misuse, abuse, and diversion.

TL;DR: Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for interventional techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic spinal pain are developed to help patients with or without anticoagulant therapy to discontinue or normalize INR.

TL;DR: Age, pain after motor vehicle accident, involvement of multiple regions and past history of illicit drug use were identified as risk factors and opioid abuse and illicitdrug use were common in chronic pain patients.

TL;DR: The focus of these guidelines is to curtail the abuse of opioids without jeopardizing non-cancer pain management with opioids, and to reduce the incidence of abuse and drug diversion.

TL;DR: Caudal epidural injections with or without steroids may be effective in patients with chronic function-limiting low back and lower extremity pain with spinal stenosis, and functional status improvement with 40% reduction in ODI scores in 55% to 80% of the patients.