Carlos A. M. Afonso

Bio: Carlos A. M. Afonso is an academic researcher from University of Lisbon. The author has contributed to research in topics: Ionic liquid & Catalysis. The author has an hindex of 57, co-authored 413 publications receiving 13891 citations. Previous affiliations of Carlos A. M. Afonso include University of Porto & Universidade Nova de Lisboa.

Synthesis and applications of Rhodamine derivatives as fluorescent probes

Abstract: Rhodamine dyes are widely used as fluorescent probes owing to their high absorption coefficient and broad fluorescence in the visible region of electromagnetic spectrum, high fluorescence quantum yield and photostability. A great interest in the development of new synthetic procedures for preparation of Rhodamine derivatives has arisen in recent years because for most applications the probe must be covalently linked to another (bio)molecule or surface. In this critical review the strategies for modification of Rhodamine dyes and a discussion on the variety of applications of these new derivatives as fluorescent probes are given (108 references).

Preparation and characterization of new room temperature ionic liquids.

Abstract: A new series [CnOm mim][X] of imidazolium cation-based room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), with ether and alcohol functional groups on the alkyl side-chain has been prepared. Some physical properties of these RTILs were measured, namely solubility in common solvents, viscosity and density. The solubility of LiCl, HgCl2 and LaCl3 in room temperature ionic liquids was also determined. The features of the solid–liquid phase transition were analysed, namely the glass transition temperature and the heat capacity jump associated with the transition from the non-equilibrium glass to the metastable supercooled liquid. These properties were compared with those reported for the 1-n-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium [Cn mim][X] series. While the density and solid–liquid phase transition properties are similar for both series, the new RTILs present a considerably lower viscosity and an increased ability to dissolve HgCl2 and LaCl3 (up to 16 times higher).

Organic Photoredox Catalysis

Abstract: In this review, we highlight the use of organic photoredox catalysts in a myriad of synthetic transformations with a range of applications. This overview is arranged by catalyst class where the photophysics and electrochemical characteristics of each is discussed to underscore the differences and advantages to each type of single electron redox agent. We highlight both net reductive and oxidative as well as redox neutral transformations that can be accomplished using purely organic photoredox-active catalysts. An overview of the basic photophysics and electron transfer theory is presented in order to provide a comprehensive guide for employing this class of catalysts in photoredox manifolds.

Green Chemistry: Principles and Practice

Abstract: Green Chemistry is a relatively new emerging field that strives to work at the molecular level to achieve sustainability. The field has received widespread interest in the past decade due to its ability to harness chemical innovation to meet environmental and economic goals simultaneously. Green Chemistry has a framework of a cohesive set of Twelve Principles, which have been systematically surveyed in this critical review. This article covers the concepts of design and the scientific philosophy of Green Chemistry with a set of illustrative examples. Future trends in Green Chemistry are discussed with the challenge of using the Principles as a cohesive design system (93 references).

The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics

Abstract: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics A Textbook of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics for Physicians and Medical Students. By Prof. Louis Goodman and Prof. Alfred Gilman. Pp. xiii + 1383. (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1941.) 50s. net.