Carlos Bustamante

TL;DR: The design of a high-resolution optical tweezers is presented, which is designed to minimize sensitivity to environmental noise and form two traps from two orthogonally polarized beams generated by a single laser.

TL;DR: Atomic force microscopy is used to visualize protein-DNA complexes formed during the initial stages of P-element transposition and reveals that GTP acts to promote assembly of the first detectable noncovalent precleavage synaptic complex.

TL;DR: The authors combine optical tweezer experiments and calculations to experimentally determine the energy cost for knot formation, which indicates that knotted proteins evolved specific folding pathways because knot formation in unfolded chains is unfavorable.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that skin pigmentation is highly heritable, but that known pigmentation loci explain only a small fraction of the variance, by considering diverse, under-studied African populations and performing the first genome-wide association approach for pigmentation.

TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical investigation has been done for the circular differential image obtained by subtracting the images formed under right and left-circularly polarized light, and two types of differential images are possible: (i) dark-field images formed from light reflected or scattered by the sample and (ii) bright-field image formed by light transmitted through the sample.