Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201

The Theory of Island Biogeography

https://homepages.uc.edu/~algeot/Tribovillard-Algeo-etal-CG-2006.pdf

Trace metals as paleoredox and paleoproductivity proxies: An update

Bones of recent mammals in the Amboseli Basin, southern Kenya, exhibit distinctive weathering characteristics that can be related to the time since death and to the local conditions of temperature, humidity and soil chemistry. A categorization of weathering characteristics into six stages, recognizable on descriptive criteria, provides a basis for investigation of weathering rates and processes. The time necessary to achieve each successive weathering stage has been calibrated using known-age carcasses. Most bones decompose beyond recognition in 10 to 15 yr. Bones of animals under 100 kg and juveniles appear to weather more rapidly than bones of large animals or adults. Small-scale rather than widespread environmental factors seem to have greatest influence on weathering characteristics and rates. Bone weathering is potentially valuable as evidence for the period of time represented in recent or fossil bone assemblages, in- cluding those on archeological sites, and may also be an important tool in censusing populations of animals in modern ecosystems.

Taphonomic and Ecologic Information Form Bone Weathering

We redescribe the only previously known species of Myrsidea from bulbuls, M. pycnonoti Eichler. Sixteen new species are described; they and their type hosts are: M. phillipsi ex Pycnonotus goiavier goiavier (Scopoli), M. gieferi ex P. goiavier suluensis Mearns, M. kulpai ex P. flavescens Blyth, M. finlaysoni ex P. finlaysoni Strickland, M. kathleenae ex P. cafer (L.), M. warwicki ex Ixos philippinus (J. R. Forster), M. mcclurei ex Microscelis amaurotis (Temminck), M. zeylanici ex P. zeylanicus (Gmelin), M. plumosi ex P. plumosus Blyth, M. eutiloti ex P. eutilotus (Jardine and Selby), M. adamsae ex P. urostictus (Salvadori), M. ochracei ex Criniger ochraceus F. Moore, M. borbonici ex Hypsipetes borbonicus (J. R. Forster), M. johnsoni ex P. atriceps (Temminck), M. palmai ex C. ochraceus, and M. claytoni ex P. eutilotus. A key is provided for the identification of these 17 species.

A new species

Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology

Comparative Taphonomy: A Key to Paleoenvironmental Interpretation Based on Fossil Preservation

Integrated geochemical data suggest that black shale deposition in the Devonian Geneseo Formation of western New York was initiated by the coincidence of siliciclastic starvation and the intensification of seasonal water column stratification and mixing. Once established, however, black shale deposition was maintained through efficient recycling of biolimiting nutrients which enhanced primary productivity. Recycling efficiency was achieved through a positive feedback loop of oscillating benthic redox conditions that enhanced N and P regeneration from sediments, sustained high primary productivity by returning nutrients to the photic zone during mixing, and ensured a downward flux of organic matter that drove or enhanced the episodic development of benthic anoxia during stratification. This feedback was ultimately disrupted by rising siliciclastic influx, which diluted organic matter and restored benthic redox stability. The abrupt overturn of diverse, long-standing Appalachian basin marine communities may have been the result of trophic resource destabilization during Geneseo deposition.

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/1999PA000445

Black shale deposition and faunal overturn in the Devonian Appalachian Basin: Clastic starvation, seasonal water-column mixing, and efficient biolimiting nutrient recycling

The mid-Paleozoic was punctuated by a rapid radiation of durophagous (shell-crushing) pred- ators. These new predators were primarily placoderm and chondrichthyan fishes but probably also included phyllocarid and eumalacostracan arthropods. Coincident with the radiation of these durophages, beginning in the mid-Devonian, there was an increase in the frequency of predation-resistant morphologies in a variety of marine invertebrate taxa. Among bellerophontid molluscs, disjunct coiling disappeared and umbilici became less common while the frequency of genera with sculpture increased. The abundance of brachiopod genera with spines on one or both valves increased dramatically. Sculpture became more pronounced and common among genera of coiled nautiloids. Inadunate and camerate crinoids showed a marked increase in spinosity, and all three crinoid subclasses tended to develop thicker thecal plates. Trends toward increasing relative frequencies of predation-resistant features were formed in different ways. Bellerophontid genera lacking predation-resistant features tended to go extinct, leaving the sculp- tured, tightly coiled forms as the predominant forms. Among Brachiopoda, the radiation of productids provided the tremendous increase in numbers of spinose genera. Among crinoids, predation-resistant features were acquired through evolution within established clades. These observations suggest that predation by shell-crushing predators has been an important control on the morphology and composition of the marine invertebrate fauna since at least the Middle Devonian. The mid-Paleozoic radiation of durophages and response of the marine fauna was in many respects similar to events of the Mesozoic Marine Revolution, in effect, the Paleozoic precursor to that event.

The mid-Paleozoic precursor to the Mesozoic marine revolution

Sequence stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and taphonomy in shallow marine environments

Recent revisions to the biostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic assignment of strata from the type area of the Niagaran Provincial Series (a regional chronostratigraphic unit) have demonstrated the need to revise the chronostratigraphic correlation of the Silurian System of North America. Recently, the working group to restudy the base of the Wenlock Series has developed an extremely high-resolution global chronostratigraphy for the Telychian and Sheinwoodian stages by integrating graptolite and conodont biostratigraphy with carbonate carbon isotope (delta 13C(carb)) chemostratigraphy. This improved global chronostratigraphy has required such significant chronostratigraphic revisions to the North American succession that much of the Silurian System in North America is currently in a state of flux and needs further refinement. This report serves as an update of the progress on recalibrating the global chronostratigraphic correlation of North American Provincial Series and Stage boundaries in their type area. The revised North American classification is correlated with global series and stages as well as regional classifications used in the United Kingdom, the East Baltic, Australia, China, the Barrandian, and Altaj. Twenty-four potential stage slices, based primarily on graptolite and conodont zones and correlated to the global series and stages, are illustrated alongside a new composite delta 13C(carb) curve for the Silurian. Conodont, graptolite, isotope, New York, Ontario, series, Silurian, stage. (Less)

Revised correlation of Silurian Provincial Series of North America with global and regional chronostratigraphic units and delta 13C(carb) chemostratigraphy

Carlton E. Brett

Papers

Comparative Taphonomy: A Key to Paleoenvironmental Interpretation Based on Fossil Preservation

Black shale deposition and faunal overturn in the Devonian Appalachian Basin: Clastic starvation, seasonal water-column mixing, and efficient biolimiting nutrient recycling

The mid-Paleozoic precursor to the Mesozoic marine revolution

Sequence stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and taphonomy in shallow marine environments

Revised correlation of Silurian Provincial Series of North America with global and regional chronostratigraphic units and delta 13C(carb) chemostratigraphy