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Carmelina Loguercio

Bio: Carmelina Loguercio is an academic researcher from Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli. The author has contributed to research in topics: Fatty liver & Population. The author has an hindex of 18, co-authored 50 publications receiving 1903 citations.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The aim of this review is to give a comprehensive insight on the present researches and findings on the role of oxidative stress mechanisms in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of NAFLD.
Abstract: Liver steatosis without alcohol consumption, namely, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a common hepatic condition that encompasses a wide spectrum of presentations, ranging from simple accumulation of triglycerides in the hepatocytes without any liver damage to inflammation, necrosis, ballooning, and fibrosis (namely, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) up to severe liver disease and eventually cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathophysiology of fatty liver and its progression is influenced by multiple factors (environmental and genetics), in a “multiple parallel-hit model,” in which oxidative stress plays a very likely primary role as the starting point of the hepatic and extrahepatic damage. The aim of this review is to give a comprehensive insight on the present researches and findings on the role of oxidative stress mechanisms in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of NAFLD. With this aim, we evaluated the available data in basic science and clinical studies in this field, reviewing the most recent works published on this topic.

427 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The use and efficacy of rifaximin both in acute and long-term management of hepatic encephalopathy is reviewed, including management of the acute episode as well as maintenance of remission in those patients who have previously experienced an episode, in order to improve their quality of life.
Abstract: Hepatic encephalopathy is a challenging complication in patients with advanced liver disease. It can be defined as a neuropsychiatric syndrome caused by portosystemic venous shunting, ranging from minimal to overt hepatic encephalopathy or coma. Its pathophysiology is still unclear, although increased levels of ammonia play a key role. Diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy is currently based on specific tests evaluating the neuropsychiatric state of patients and their quality of life; the severity of hepatic encephalopathy is measured by the West Haven criteria. Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy consists of pharmacological and corrective measures, as well as nutritional interventions. Rifaximin received approval for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in 2010 because of its few side effects and pharmacological benefits. The aim of this work is to review the use and efficacy of rifaximin both in acute and long-term management of hepatic encephalopathy. Treatment of overt hepatic encephalopathy involves management of the acute episode as well as maintenance of remission in those patients who have previously experienced an episode, in order to improve their quality of life. The positive effect of rifaximin in reducing health care costs is also discussed.

361 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Paolo Caraceni1, Oliviero Riggio2, Paolo Angeli3, Carlo Alessandria4, Sergio Neri5, Francesco Giuseppe Foschi, F. Levantesi6, Aldo Airoldi, S. Boccia, Gianluca Svegliati-Baroni, Stefano Fagiuoli, Roberto Giulio Romanelli7, Raffaele Cozzolongo, Vito Di Marco8, Vincenzo Sangiovanni, Filomena Morisco9, Pierluigi Toniutto10, Annalisa Tortora11, Rosanna De Marco, Mario Angelico12, Irene Cacciola, Gianfranco Elia, Alessandro Federico13, Sara Massironi, Riccardo Guarisco, Alessandra Galioto, Giorgio Ballardini6, Maria Rendina14, Silvia Nardelli2, Salvatore Piano3, Chiara Elia4, Loredana Prestianni5, Federica Mirici Cappa, Lucia Cesarini, L. Simone, Chiara Pasquale2, M. Cavallin3, Alida Andrealli4, F. Fidone5, Matteo Ruggeri11, A. Roncadori, Maurizio Baldassarre1, Manuel Tufoni1, Giacomo Zaccherini1, Mauro Bernardi1, Marco Domenicali15, Ferdinando Giannone, Manuela Merli, Stefania Gioia16, Silvano Fasolato, Antonietta Sticca, Daniela Campion, A. Risso, Giorgio Maria Saracco, D. Maiorca, Agostino Rizzotto, Arianna Lanzi, Elga Neri, Anna Visani, Antonio Mastroianni, A Alberti, Chiara Mazzarelli, Marcello Vangeli, Marco Marzioni, Francesca Capretti, Alba Kostandini, G. Magini, M. Colpani, Giacomo Laffi, T Gabbani, Maria Marsico, M. Zappimbulso, Josè Petruzzi, Vincenza Calvaruso, Giovanni Parrella, Nicola Caporaso, Francesco Auriemma, Maria Guarino, Fabio Pugliese, Antonio Gasbarrini15, Pietro Leo, Francesco De Leonardis, A. Pecchioli, Piera Rossi, Giovanni Raimondo, Elisa Negri, Marcello Dallio, Carmelina Loguercio, Dario Conte16, Natascia Celli, R. Bringiotti, N.M. Castellaneta, Francesco Salerno 
TL;DR: Long-term HA administration prolongs overall survival and might act as a disease modifying treatment in patients with decompensated cirrhosis in this trial.

290 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The aim of this review is to examine scientific studies concerning the effects derived from silymarin/silybin use in chronic liver diseases, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Abstract: Silymarin is the extract of Silybum marianum, or milk thistle, and its major active compound is silybin, which has a remarkable biological effect. It is used in different liver disorders, particularly chronic liver diseases, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic power. Indeed, the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of silymarin is oriented towards the reduction of virus-related liver damages through inflammatory cascade softening and immune system modulation. It also has a direct antiviral effect associated with its intravenous administration in hepatitis C virus infection. With respect to alcohol abuse, silymarin is able to increase cellular vitality and to reduce both lipid peroxidation and cellular necrosis. Furthermore, silymarin/silybin use has important biological effects in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. These substances antagonize the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, by intervening in various therapeutic targets: oxidative stress, insulin resistance, liver fat accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Silymarin is also used in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma that represent common end stages of different hepatopathies by modulating different molecular patterns. Therefore, the aim of this review is to examine scientific studies concerning the effects derived from silymarin/silybin use in chronic liver diseases, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

270 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The list of potential effects of H. pylori outside the stomach includes a number of extragastric manifestations and this review focused on neurological, dermatological, hematologic, ocular, cardiovascular, metabolic, allergic, and hepatobiliary diseases.
Abstract: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is very common and affects approximately half of the world population. It causes gastric diseases, but some authors have reported an association of H. pylori infection with other systemic manifestations beginning in 1994. The list of potential effects of H. pylori outside the stomach includes a number of extragastric manifestations and we focused on neurological, dermatological, hematologic, ocular, cardiovascular, metabolic, allergic, and hepatobiliary diseases. This review discusses these important reported manifestations that are not related to the gastrointestinal tract.

176 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The following Clinical Practice Guidelines will give up-to-date advice for the clinical management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as providing an in-depth review of all the relevant data leading to the conclusions herein.

7,851 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2017-Gut
TL;DR: This fifth edition of the Maastricht Consensus Report describes how experts from 24 countries examined new data related to H. pylori infection in the various clinical scenarios and provided recommendations on the basis of the best available evidence and relevance.
Abstract: Important progress has been made in the management of Helicobacter pylori infection and in this fifth edition of the Maastricht Consensus Report, key aspects related to the clinical role of H. pylori were re-evaluated in 2015. In the Maastricht V/Florence Consensus Conference, 43 experts from 24 countries examined new data related to H. pylori in five subdivided workshops: (1) Indications/Associations, (2) Diagnosis, (3) Treatment, (4) Prevention/Public Health, (5) H. pylori and the Gastric Microbiota. The results of the individual workshops were presented to a final consensus voting that included all participants. Recommendations are provided on the basis of the best available evidence and relevance to the management of H. pylori infection in the various clinical scenarios.

2,219 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
04 Sep 2014-Nature
TL;DR: The gut microbiome in liver cirrhosis is characterized by comparing 98 patients and 83 healthy control individuals and on the basis of only 15 biomarkers, a highly accurate patient discrimination index is created and validated on an independent cohort, suggesting microbiota-targeted biomarkers may be a powerful tool for diagnosis of different diseases.
Abstract: Liver cirrhosis occurs as a consequence of many chronic liver diseases that are prevalent worldwide. Here we characterize the gut microbiome in liver cirrhosis by comparing 98 patients and 83 healthy control individuals. We build a reference gene set for the cohort containing 2.69 million genes, 36.1% of which are novel. Quantitative metagenomics reveals 75,245 genes that differ in abundance between the patients and healthy individuals (false discovery rate < 0.0001) and can be grouped into 66 clusters representing cognate bacterial species; 28 are enriched in patients and 38 in control individuals. Most (54%) of the patient-enriched, taxonomically assigned species are of buccal origin, suggesting an invasion of the gut from the mouth in liver cirrhosis. Biomarkers specific to liver cirrhosis at gene and function levels are revealed by a comparison with those for type 2 diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease. On the basis of only 15 biomarkers, a highly accurate patient discrimination index is created and validated on an independent cohort. Thus microbiota-targeted biomarkers may be a powerful tool for diagnosis of different diseases. Invasion of the gut by oral bacteria in liver cirrhosis. Previous work has revealed an association between liver complications such as cirrhosis and the gut microbiome. Lanjuan Li and colleagues undertook a microbiome-wide association study of stool samples from 98 liver cirrhosis patients and 83 healthy controls. Quantitative metagenomics analysis revealed 75,245 genes that were significantly different in abundance between the two groups, many of which could be grouped into 66 clusters that represent cognate bacterial species. Of these, 28 species were enriched in liver cirrhosis patients and most were of buccal origin (mostly Veillonella and streptococci). The identified markers were unique liver cirrhosis-specific genes and the authors identify a set of just 15 of these genes that could form the basis of a highly accurate discrimination index that could be used as a diagnostic tool.

1,542 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The panel of experts, having emphasised the importance of initiating aetiologic treatment for any degree of hepatic disease at the earliest possible stage, extended its work to all the complications of cirrhosis which had not been covered by the European Association for the Study of the Liver guidelines.

1,534 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The latest guidelines for the treatment of HCC recommend evidence-based management and are considered suitable for universal use in the Asia–Pacific region, which has a diversity of medical environments.
Abstract: There is great geographical variation in the distribution of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with the majority of all cases worldwide found in the Asia–Pacific region, where HCC is one of the leading public health problems. Since the “Toward Revision of the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) HCC Guidelines” meeting held at the 25th annual conference of the APASL in Tokyo, the newest guidelines for the treatment of HCC published by the APASL has been discussed. This latest guidelines recommend evidence-based management of HCC and are considered suitable for universal use in the Asia–Pacific region, which has a diversity of medical environments.

1,402 citations