Author
Carol J. Simon
Other affiliations: University of Illinois at Chicago, University of Chicago, Boston Medical Center
Bio: Carol J. Simon is an academic researcher from Boston University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Managed care & Health care. The author has an hindex of 22, co-authored 36 publications receiving 4505 citations. Previous affiliations of Carol J. Simon include University of Illinois at Chicago & University of Chicago.
Papers
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a technique for estimating a firm's brand equity that is based on the financial market value of the firm, defined as the incremental cash flows which accrue to branded products over unbranded products.
Abstract: This paper presents a technique for estimating a firm's brand equity that is based on the financial market value of the firm. Brand equity is defined as the incremental cash flows which accrue to branded products over unbranded products. The estimation technique extracts the value of brand equity from the value of the firm's other assets.
This technique is useful for two purposes. First, the macro approach assigns an objective value to a company's brands and relates this value to the determinants of brand equity. Second, the micro approach isolates changes in brand equity at the individual brand level by measuring the response of brand equity to major marketing decisions.
Empirically, we estimate brand equity using the macro approach for a sample of industries and companies. Then we use the micro approach to trace the brand equity of Coca-Cola and Pepsi over three major events in the soft drink industry from 1982 to 1986.
1,479 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors followed U.S. Public Health Service Guidelines to assess the economic cost of excessive alcohol consumption in 2006 and found that excessive drinking causes premature death (average of 79,000 deaths annually), increased disease and injury; property damage from fire and motor vehicle crashes; alcoholrelated crime; and lost productivity.
801 citations
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TL;DR: The economic impact of excessive alcohol consumption in the U.S. is approximately $746 per person, most of which is attributable to binge drinking, and evidence-based strategies for reducing excessive drinking should be widely implemented.
Abstract: Excessive alcohol drinking is the third leading cause of death in the United States, leading to 79,000 premature deaths annually. It is also the cause of increased disease and injury. Although the public health impacts of binge drinking are known, its economic cost has not been assessed for the United States since 1998. Using data from 2006, a new study by Mathematica assessed costs for health care, productivity losses, and other effects, including property damage, from excessive drinking. On a per-capita basis, the economic impact of excessive alcohol consumption is approximately $746 per person, mostly attributable to binge drinking.
722 citations
TL;DR: Clinicians should be aware of the increased risk for maternal rehospitalization after cesarean deliveries to low-risk mothers when counseling women about their choices.
314 citations
TL;DR: A model predicting the provision of specialized services in local markets and analysis of California hospitals provides minimal support for the medical arms race hypothesis while suggesting substantial scale economies for many services.
Abstract: Recent attention has been given to the hypothesis that local hospital competition takes the form of costly duplication of specialized services--the "medical arms race." This contrasts with the hypothesis that the supply of specialized services is determined solely by "the extent of the market." We develop a model predicting the provision of specialized services in local markets. Our analysis of California hospitals provides minimal support for the medical arms race hypothesis while suggesting substantial scale economies for many services. Our results emphasize the importance of properly specifying the extent of the market. Failure to do so leads one to overestimate the importance of competition.
213 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a conceptual model of brand equity from the perspective of the individual consumer is presented, which is defined as the differential effect of brand knowledge on consumers' perceptions of the brand.
Abstract: The author presents a conceptual model of brand equity from the perspective of the individual consumer. Customer-based brand equity is defined as the differential effect of brand knowledge on consu...
12,021 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce the concept of ''search'' where a buyer wanting to get a better price, is forced to question sellers, and deal with various aspects of finding the necessary information.
Abstract: The author systematically examines one of the important issues of information — establishing the market price. He introduces the concept of «search» — where a buyer wanting to get a better price, is forced to question sellers. The article deals with various aspects of finding the necessary information.
3,790 citations
TL;DR: The authors explored the relationship between selected marketing mix elements and the creation of brand equity and found that frequent price promotions, such as price deals, are related to low brand equity, whereas high advertising spending, high price, good store image, and high distribution intensity are associated with high brand equity.
Abstract: This study explores the relationships between selected marketing mix elements and the creation of brand equity. The authors propose a conceptual framework in which marketing elements are related to the dimensions of brand equity, that is, perceived quality, brand loyalty, and brand associations combined with brand awareness. These dimensions are then related to brand equity. The empirical tests using a structural equation model support the research hypotheses. The results show that frequent price promotions, such as price deals, are related to low brand equity, whereas high advertising spending, high price, good store image, and high distribution intensity are related to high brand equity.
2,981 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined whether the presence of venture capitalists, as investors in a firm going public, can certify that the offering price of the issue reflects all available and relevant inside information.
Abstract: This paper provides support for the certification role of venture capitalists in initial public offerings. Consistent with the certification hypothesis, a comparison of venture capital backed IPOs with a control sample of nonventure capital backed IPOs from 1983 through 1987 matched as closely as possible by industry and offering size indicates that venture capital backing results in significantly lower initial returns and gross spreads. In effect, the presence of venture capitalists in the issuing firms serves to lower the total costs of going public and to maximize the net proceeds to the offering firm. In addition, we document that venture capitalists retain a significant portion of their holdings in the firm after the IPO. THE ABILITY OF THIRD-PARTY specialists to certify the value of securities issued by relatively unknown firms in capital markets that are characterized by asymmetric information between corporate insiders and public investors has attracted much academic interest in recent years. Several authors, including James (1990), Blackwell, Marr, and Spivey (1990), and Barry, Muscarella, Peavy, and Vetsuypens (1991) have developed and tested models based at least in part on the formal certification hypothesis presented in Booth and Smith (1986). A related body of work, represented by DeAngelo (1981), Beatty and Ritter (1986), Titman and Trueman (1986), Johnson and Miller (1988), Carter (1990), Simon (1990), and Carter and Manaster (1990) has examined how investment bankers and auditors help resolve the asymmetric information inherent in the initial public offering (IPO) process. In this paper we examine whether the presence of venture capitalists, as investors in a firm going public, can certify that the offering price of the issue reflects all available and relevant inside information. We hypothesize that venture capitalists can perform this function; that it will be an economically
2,490 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report the results of a multistep study to develop and validate a multidimensional consumer-based brand equity scale (MBE) drawn from Aaker's and Keller's conceptualizations of brand equity.
2,489 citations