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Carol M. Jantzen

Bio: Carol M. Jantzen is an academic researcher from Savannah River National Laboratory. The author has contributed to research in topics: Radioactive waste & Vitrification. The author has an hindex of 26, co-authored 176 publications receiving 2629 citations. Previous affiliations of Carol M. Jantzen include United States Department of Energy & Westinghouse Electric.


Papers
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01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: The authors presented at the following sessions: Leaching Mechanisms; Materials Performance in Repositing Environments; Spent Fuel Studies; Geochemical Interactions; Natural Analogues; Radiation Effects; Research at the US Department of Energy Materials Characterization Center; Processing Technology; Materials Science of Concrete in Waste Management; and Low-Level Waste Studies.
Abstract: Papers were presented at the following sessions: Leaching Mechanisms; Materials Performance in Repositing Environments; Spent Fuel Studies; Geochemical Interactions; Natural Analogues; Radiation Effects; Research at the US Department of Energy Materials Characterization Center; Processing Technology; Materials Science of Concrete in Waste Management; and Low-Level Waste Studies. Industrial papers were indexed separately.

196 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared various thermodynamic and structural approaches to predict glass durability versus Ostwald ripening, and found that higher pH and Alsup 3++ rich glasses may cause the dissolution rate to increase which is undesirable for long-term performance of glass in the environment.
Abstract: The durability of natural glasses on geological time scales and ancient glasses for thousands of years is well documented. The necessity to predict the durability of high level nuclear waste (HLW) glasses on extended time scales has led to various thermodynamic and kinetic approaches. Advances in the measurement of medium range order (MRO) in glasses has led to the understanding that the molecular structure of a glass, and thus the glass composition, controls the glass durability by establishing the distribution of ion exchange sites, hydrolysis sites, and the access of water to those sites. During the early stages of glass dissolution, a 'gel' layer resembling a membrane forms through which ions exchange between the glass and the leachant. The hydrated gel layer exhibits acid/base properties which are manifested as the pH dependence of the thickness and nature of the gel layer. The gel layer ages into clay or zeolite minerals by Ostwald ripening. Zeolite mineral assemblages (higher pH and Al{sup 3+} rich glasses) may cause the dissolution rate to increase which is undesirable for long-term performance of glass in the environment. Thermodynamic and structural approaches to the prediction of glass durability are compared versus Ostwald ripening.

168 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Carol M. Jantzen1, M.J. Plodinec1
TL;DR: In this paper, a thermodynamic model of glass durability based on the hydration of "structural units" has been applied to natural glass, and glasses containing nuclear waste, and the relative durability, predicted from thermodynamic calculations, correlates directly with the experimentally observed release of silicon to the leaching solution in short-term laboratory tests.
Abstract: A thermodynamic model of glass durability based on the hydration of “structural units” has been applied to natural glass, and glasses containing nuclear waste. The relative durability, predicted from thermodynamic calculations, correlates directly with the experimentally observed release of silicon to the leaching solution in short-term laboratory tests. By choosing natural glasses and ancient glasses, whose long-term performance is known and which bracket the durability of waste glasses, the long-term stability of nuclear waste glasses can be interpolated. The current Savannah River defense waste glass formulation is a durable as natural basalt from the Hanford Reservation (106 y old). The thermodynamic hydration energy is shown to be related to the bond energetics of the glass.

152 citations

ReportDOI
30 Sep 1992
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a set of requirements for the canistered waste forms, the Waste Acceptance Preliminary Specifications (WAPS) 1.3, the product consistency specification, requires the waste form producers to demonstrate control of the consistency of the final waste form using a crushed glass durability test, the Product Consistency Test (PCT).
Abstract: Liquid high-level nuclear waste at the Savannah River Site (SRS) will be immobilized by vitrification in borosilicate glass. The glass will be produced and poured into stainless steel canisters in the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF). Other waste form producers, such as West Valley Nuclear Services (WVNS) and the Hanford Waste Vitrification Project (HWVP), will also immobilize high-level radioactive waste in borosilicate glass. The canistered waste will be stored temporarily at each facility for eventual permanent disposal in a geologic repository. The Department of Energy has defined a set of requirements for the canistered waste forms, the Waste Acceptance Preliminary Specifications (WAPS). The current Waste Acceptance Preliminary Specification (WAPS) 1.3, the product consistency specification, requires the waste form producers to demonstrate control of the consistency of the final waste form using a crushed glass durability test, the Product Consistency Test (PCT). In order to be acceptable, a waste glass must be more durable during PCT analysis than the waste glass identified in the DWPF Envirorunental Assessment (EA). In order to supply all the waste form producers with the same standard benchmark glass, 1000 pounds of the EA glass was fabricated. The chemical analyses and characterization of the benchmark EA glassmore » are reported. This material is now available to act as a durability, analytic, and/or redox Standard Reference Material (SRM) for all waste form producers.« less

136 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a high-alumina ceramic was developed for the immobilization of Savannah River Plant nuclear waste, which consists of four compatible crystalline phases, alumina, spinel, magnetoplumbite, and uraninite.
Abstract: A dense high-alumina ceramic has been developed for the immobilization of Savannah River Plant nuclear waste. The ceramic, fabricated by reactive hot-pressing, consists of four compatible crystalline phases, alumina, spinel, magnetoplumbite, and uraninite. The magnetoplumbite phase can incorporate the elements Cs, Sr, Si, Na, Ca, Ba, La, Nd, Mn, Fe, Ce, K, and Ni in its crystal structure, whereas the uraninite phase hosts the elements U, Th, and Zr. The remaining phases in the ceramic provide microstructural isolation of both the uraninite and magnetoplumbite. The mineralogy of the system is modeled by phase-compatibility investigations of the pseudoquaternary system Al2O3-Nd2O,-alkali + alkaline earth-(Mg, Fe, Ni)O, enabling the extent of waste loading and the phase stability to be predicted.

111 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The mechanisms of tissue bonding to bioactive ceramics are beginning to be understood, which can result in the molecular design of bioceramics for interfacial bonding with hard and soft tissues.
Abstract: Ceramics used for the repair and reconstruction of diseased or damaged parts of the musculo-skeletal system, termed bioceramics, may be bioinert (alumina, zirconia), resorbable (tricalcium phosphate), bioactive (hydroxyapatite, bioactive glasses, and glass-ceramics), or porous for tissue ingrowth (hydroxyapatite-coated metals, alumina). Applications include replacements for hips, knees, teeth, tendons, and ligaments and repair for periodontal disease, maxillofacial reconstruction, augmentation and stabilization of the jaw bone, spinal fusion, and bone fillers after tumor surgery. Carbon coatings are thromboresistant and are used for prosthetic heart valves. The mechanisms of tissue bonding to bioactive ceramics are beginning to be understood, which can result in the molecular design of bioceramics for interfacial bonding with hard and soft tissues. Composites are being developed with high toughness and elastic modulus match with bone. Therapeutic treatment of cancer has been achieved by localized delivery of radioactive isotopes via glass beads. Development of standard test methods for prediction of long-term (20-year) mechanical reliability under load is still needed.

4,292 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: The mechanisms of tissue bonding to bioactive ceramics are beginning to be understood, which can result in the molecular design of bioceramics for interfacial bonding with hard and soft tissues.
Abstract: Ceramics used for the repair and reconstruction of diseased or damaged parts of the musculo-skeletal system, termed bioceramics, may be bioinert (alumina, zirconia), resorbable (tricalcium phosphate), bioactive (hydroxyapatite, bioactive glasses, and glass-ceramics), or porous for tissue ingrowth (hydroxyapatite-coated metals, alumina). Applications include replacements for hips, knees, teeth, tendons, and ligaments and repair for periodontal disease, maxillofacial reconstruction, augmentation and stabilization of the jaw bone, spinal fusion, and bone fillers after tumor surgery. Carbon coatings are thromboresistant and are used for prosthetic heart valves. The mechanisms of tissue bonding to bioactive ceramics are beginning to be understood, which can result in the molecular design of bioceramics for interfacial bonding with hard and soft tissues. Composites are being developed with high toughness and elastic modulus match with bone. Therapeutic treatment of cancer has been achieved by localized delivery of radioactive isotopes via glass beads. Development of standard test methods for prediction of long-term (20-year) mechanical reliability under load is still needed.

4,213 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A brief history and review of geopolymer technology is presented with the aim of introducing the technology and the vast categories of materials that may be synthesized by alkali activation of aluminosilicates as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A brief history and review of geopolymer technology is presented with the aim of introducing the technology and the vast categories of materials that may be synthesized by alkali-activation of aluminosilicates. The fundamental chemical and structural characteristics of geopolymers derived from metakaolin, fly ash and slag are explored in terms of the effects of raw material selection on the properties of geopolymer composites. It is shown that the raw materials and processing conditions are critical in determining the setting behavior, workability and chemical and physical properties of geopolymeric products. The structural and chemical characteristics that are common to all geopolymeric materials are presented, as well as those that are determined by the specific interactions occurring in different systems, providing the ability for tailored design of geopolymers to specific applications in terms of both technical and commercial requirements.

3,302 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the potential position of and drivers for inorganic polymers (“geopolymers”) as an element of the push for a sustainable concrete industry are discussed.

1,444 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art of radiation effects in crystalline ceramics that may be used for the immobilization of high-level nuclear waste and plutonium is provided in this article.
Abstract: This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the state-of-knowledge of radiation effects in crystalline ceramics that may be used for the immobilization of high-level nuclear waste and plutonium. The current understanding of radiation damage processes, defect generation, microstructure development, theoretical methods, and experimental methods are reviewed. Fundamental scientific and technological issues that offer opportunities for research are identified. The most important issue is the need for an understanding of the radiation-induced structural changes at the atomic, microscopic, and macroscopic levels, and the effect of these changes on the release rates of radionuclides during corrosion.

834 citations