Caterina Carnovale

Bio: Caterina Carnovale is an academic researcher from University of Messina. The author has contributed to research in topics: Chiral column chromatography & Nucleoside. The author has an hindex of 13, co-authored 19 publications receiving 391 citations.

Determination of oxygen heterocyclic components in citrus products by HPLC with UV detection.

Abstract: The study of oxygen heterocyclic compounds (coumarins, psoralens, polymethoxylated flavones) in natural matrices such as citrus oils is not easy due to the difficulty of obtaining standards at the required level of purity and the diversity of structures present in each kind of sample. In this work, standards were either isolated by preparative LC methods from citrus oils or synthesized, then characterized by their physicochemical parameters and spectroscopic techniques, and further used for qualitative and quantitative calculations in citrus essential oils and products made with them (Earl Grey tea, liquors, juices). An HPLC method using an innovative partially porous particle HPLC column enabled baseline separation of all analytes. The method developed was validated in terms of detection limit, quantitation limit, linearity, and precision as repeatability and intralaboratory reproducibility.

A new HPLC method developed for the analysis of oxygen heterocyclic compounds in Citrus essential oils

Abstract: In 2009, a temporary crisis in the world production of acetonitrile caused the abnormal increase of the price of this substance, commonly used as a solvent and in high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation as a mobile phase. For this reason, a new HPLC method was developed to analyze the oxygen heterocyclic components of Citrus oils, substituting acetonitrile with methanol. The new method described in this article was validated, new components were isolated and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and others were synthesized, to obtain pure standards, not commercially available. The results are evaluated in comparison with methods previously developed. Seven genuine cold-pressed Citrus essential oils – lemon (C. limon (L.) Burm.), Key lime (C. aurantifolia (Christm.) Swing.) type B, bergamot (C. bergamia), grapefruit (C. paradisi Macf.), bitter orange (C. aurantium L.), sweet orange (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck) and mandarin (C. deliciosa Ten.) – were analyzed under identical conditio...

Metabolism, Biochemical Actions, and Chemical Synthesis of Anticancer Nucleosides, Nucleotides, and Base Analogs

Abstract: Nucleoside, nucleotide, and base analogs have been in the clinic for decades to treat both viral pathogens and neoplasms. More than 20% of patients on anticancer chemotherapy have been treated with one or more of these analogs. This review focuses on the chemical synthesis and biology of anticancer nucleoside, nucleotide, and base analogs that are FDA-approved and in clinical development since 2000. We highlight the cellular biology and clinical biology of analogs, drug resistance mechanisms, and compound specificity towards different cancer types. Furthermore, we explore analog syntheses as well as improved and scale-up syntheses. We conclude with a discussion on what might lie ahead for medicinal chemists, biologists, and physicians as they try to improve analog efficacy through prodrug strategies and drug combinations.

Multidimensional gas chromatography

Abstract: Analytical multidimensional gas chromatography (MDGC) and the excellent separation efficiency it achieves serve advanced characterization of complex volatile and semi-volatile samples, which is unlikely to be accomplished by single-dimensional chromatography. Here, we provide a technical overview of recent method implementation in MDGC, for both the classical sense (i.e. conventional heart-cut MDGC), including recent approaches to MDGC, and the comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) variant. We summarize selected applications in diverse fields that best typify the role of these methods. We also draw attention to concepts (e.g., orthogonality of separation mechanisms and recently introduced microfluidic technology), and briefly comment on compatibility of detection systems. As a guide to potential opportunities for continued innovation in multidimensional applications, we highlight the capabilities of GC platforms that either combine various GC × GC and MDGC arrangements or offer alternative operational modes for implementation of these methods.