The Task Force for the Management of Dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) 

Developed with the special contribution of the European Assocciation for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR) 

ABI
: ankle-brachial index

/pdf/2016-esc-eas-guidelines-for-the-management-of-dyslipidaemias-3oe2qnm09b.pdf

2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(04)17019-0.pdf

Association of psychosocial risk factors with risk of acute myocardial infarction in 11 119 cases and 13 648 controls from 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study

2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias: The Task Force for the Management of Dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) Developed with the special contribution of the European Assocciation for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR).

ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias

I am delighted to announce the exciting news that we have received just under 900 abstracts for presentation in the scientific program of the VIth World Congress on Pain in Adelaide, April l-6, 1990. This 1s about a 50% increase in the number of abstracts submitted for the 1987 Congress in Hamburg and it represents by far the greatest number of scientific papers ever offered for the an IASP Congress. This surely reflects the healthy state of IASP and is also a very encouraging indlcator of the high level of activity in basic and clinical research in the field of pain throughout the world. Based upon our previous experience with the ratio of congress delegates to scientific abstracts, the Adelaide Congresses promises to be the largest world congress on pain we have so far held.

International association for the study of pain

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of and attitudes among young people toward pornography and their sources of information about sexuality Eight hundred and seventy-six young people ages 15-25 years (555 females and 321 males) who visited a youth center in Sweden for a period of 1 year answered a questionnaire about their use of pornography, their attitudes toward pornography, and sources of information about sexuality Although most had seen pornographic movies, the youngest boys reported viewing the most pornography The male participants reported that the most common reason they viewed pornography was to get aroused and to masturbate, whereas the female participants stated that they viewed pornography out of curiosity The most frequent source of information about sexuality was peers These results illustrate the importance of sex education to give factual information about sexuality and to counteract the messages about sexuality presented in pornography

Young People, Pornography, And Sexuality: Sources And Attitudes

Background
Unexplained chest pain (UCP) is a common reason for emergency hospital admission and generates considerable health-care costs for society. Even though prior research indicates that psychological problems and impaired quality of life are common among UCP patients, there is lack of knowledge comparing UCP patients with a reference group from the general population. The aim of this study was to analyse differences between men and women with UCP and a reference group in terms of psychosocial factors as depression, anxiety, stress, social interaction and health-related quality of life (HRQOL).

/pdf/depression-anxiety-stress-social-interaction-and-health-14kpu21z90.pdf

Depression, anxiety, stress, social interaction and health-related quality of life in men and women with unexplained chest pain

Objectives. Increasing numbers of people reach old age. We wanted to identify variables of importance for reaching 90 years old and determine how the predictive ability of these variables might change over time. Setting and subjects. All men in the city of Gothenburg born in 1913 on dates divisible by 3, which is on the 3rd, 6th, 9th etc., were included in the study. Thus, 973 men were invited, and 855 were examined in 1963 at age 50. Further examinations were made at age 54, 60 and 67. Anthropometric data, lifestyle and parental factors, blood pressure, lung function, X-ray of heart and lungs and maximum work performance were recorded. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyse the predictive capacity of a variable. Results. A total of 111 men (13%) reached 90 years of age, men who reached 90 years were more likely at age 50 to be nonsmokers, consume less coffee, have higher socio-economic status and have low serum cholesterol levels than those who did not reach this age; however, at age 50 or 62, parents' survival was of no prognostic importance. Variables of greatest importance at higher ages were low blood pressure and measures related to good cardiorespiratory function. In multivariable analysis, including all examinations, being a nonsmoker, consuming small amounts of coffee, having high housing costs at age 50, good maximum working capacity and low serum cholesterol were related to a better chance of survival to age 90. Conclusions. Low levels of cardiovascular risk factors, high socio-economic status and good functional capacity, irrespective of parents' survival, characterize men destined to reach the age of 90.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2010.02331.x

Factors associated with reaching 90 years of age: a study of men born in 1913 in Gothenburg, Sweden

The number of patients suffering from unexplained chest pain (UCP) is increasing. Intervention programmes are needed to reduce the chest pain and suffering experienced by these patients and effective preventive strategies are also required to reduce the incidence of these symptoms. The aim of this study was to describe general coping strategies in patients with UCP and examine the relationships between coping strategies, negative life events, sleep problems, physical activity, stress and chest pain intensity. The sample consisted of 179 patients younger than 70 years of age, who were evaluated for chest pain at the emergency department daytime Monday through Friday and judged by a physician to have no organic cause for their chest pain. The study had a cross-sectional design. Emotive coping was related to chest pain intensity (r = 0.17, p = 0.02). Women used emotive coping to a greater extent than did men (p = 0.05). In the multivariate analysis was shown that physical activity decreased emotive coping (OR 0.13, p < 0.0001) while sex, age, sleep, mental strain at work and negative life events increased emotive coping. Twenty-seven percent of the patients had sleep problems 8 to14 nights per month or more. Permanent stress at work during the last year was reported by 18% of the patients and stress at home by 7%. Thirty-five percent of the patients were worried often or almost all the time about being rushed at work and 23% were worried about being unable to keep up with their workload. Concerning total life events, 20% reported that a close relative had had a serious illness and 27% had reasons to be worried about a close relative. Our results indicated that patients with more intense UCP more often apply emotive coping in dealing with their pain. Given that emotive coping was also found to be related to disturbed sleep, negative life events, mental strain at work and physical activity, it may be of value to help these patients to both verbalise their emotions and to become cognizant of the influence of such factors on their pain experience.

/pdf/coping-strategies-stress-physical-activity-and-sleep-in-x8smu8gl8c.pdf

Coping strategies, stress, physical activity and sleep in patients with unexplained chest pain

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Objective. To study trends over 40 years in cardiovascular risk factors in normal weight, overweight and obese men, all aged 50 when examined.



Design.  Cross-sectional studies of five successive cohorts of men aged 50.



Setting.  City of Goteborg, Sweden.



Subjects.  Random population samples of altogether 3251 urban Swedish men born in 1913, 1923, 1933, 1943 and 1953.



Main outcome measures.  Anthropometry, cardiovascular risk factors, rates of nonsmoking, normotension and serum cholesterol <5 mmol L−1 over four decades.



Results.  Over 40 years, there was a net increase in body mass index (BMI) from 24.8 (SD = 3.2) to 26.4 (3.7) kg m−2 (P < 0.0001), with an increase in the prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg m−2) from 6.0% in 1963 to 13.8% in 2003. Favourable trends with respect to smoking, blood pressure and serum cholesterol were observed similarly amongst normal weight, overweight and obese men. In 1963, 24% of obese men were normotensive compared to 45% in 2003, and 6% had serum cholesterol <5 mmol L−1 compared to 34% in 2003. Compared with obese men in 1963, men who were obese in 2003 had an odds ratio (OR) of 3.39 being a nonsmoker [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.56 to 7.36], 2.67 of being normotensive (1.23 to 5.83) and having serum cholesterol <5 mmol L−1 of 8.30 (2.37 to 29.0). However, optimal risk factor status – no smoking, normotension and total serum cholesterol <5 mmol L−1– was still present in less than one in six men in 2003, similar across BMI categories.



Conclusions.  Obese Swedish men who are now in their fifties have much lower levels of other risk factors compared with obese men 40 years ago. This could contribute to explain why coronary heart disease death rates still are falling despite increasing rates of obesity.

Catharina Welin

Papers

Young People, Pornography, And Sexuality: Sources And Attitudes

Depression, anxiety, stress, social interaction and health-related quality of life in men and women with unexplained chest pain

Factors associated with reaching 90 years of age: a study of men born in 1913 in Gothenburg, Sweden

Coping strategies, stress, physical activity and sleep in patients with unexplained chest pain

Obesity and trends in cardiovascular risk factors over 40 years in Swedish men aged 50.