Charles A. Dinarello

Bio: Charles A. Dinarello is an academic researcher from University of Colorado Denver. The author has contributed to research in topics: Interleukin & Cytokine. The author has an hindex of 190, co-authored 1058 publications receiving 139668 citations. Previous affiliations of Charles A. Dinarello include University of Guadalajara & Pennsylvania State University.

TREM-1 interaction with the LPS/TLR4 receptor complex

Abstract: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) is an activating receptor expressed on neutrophils and monocytes that amplifies inflammation induced by stimulation of pattern-recognition receptors. In this study, several lines of evidence are presented that TREM-1 interacts with the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) receptor complex, or is a component of this complex. Blocking anti-TREM-1 antibodies specifically inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α production, while the alternative approach of blocking TLR4 by a specific inhibitor led to a down-regulation of the effects of TREM-1 cross-linking. These data are in line with the TLR4-TREM1 co-localization in human neutrophils and suggests that, at least some of the biological effects of TREM-1 may be due to its interaction with the TLR4/LPS-receptor complex.

Interleukin-18, together with interleukin-12, induces severe acute pancreatitis in obese but not in nonobese leptin-deficient mice

Abstract: Obesity is associated with increased severity of acute pancreatitis (AP). The cytokines IL-18 and IL-12 are elevated in patients with AP, and IL-18 levels are high in obesity. We aimed to develop a pathologically relevant model to study obesity-associated severe AP. Lean WT and obese leptin-deficient ob/ob mice received two injections of IL-12 plus IL-18. Survival, pancreatic inflammation, and biochemical markers of AP were measured. Dosing with IL-12 plus IL-18 induced 100% lethality in ob/ob mice; no lethality was observed in WT mice. Disruption of pancreatic exocrine tissue and acinar cell death as well as serum amylase and lipase levels were significantly higher in ob/ob than in WT mice. Edematous AP developed in WT mice, whereas obese ob/ob mice developed necrotizing AP. Adipose tissue necrosis and saponification were present in cytokine-injected ob/ob but not in WT mice. Severe hypocalcemia and elevated acute-phase response developed in ob/ob mice. The cytokine combination induced high levels of regenerating protein 1 and pancreatitis-associated protein expression in the pancreas of WT but not of ob/ob mice. To differentiate the contribution of obesity to that of leptin deficiency, mice received short- and long-term leptin replacement therapy. Short-term leptin reconstitution in the absence of major weight loss did not protect ob/ob mice, whereas leptin deficiency in the absence of obesity resulted in a significant reduction in the severity of the pancreatitis. In conclusion, we developed a pathologically relevant model of AP in which obesity per se is associated with increased severity.

Live Borrelia burgdorferi preferentially activate interleukin-1 beta gene expression and protein synthesis over the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist.

Abstract: Lyme arthritis is one of the few forms of chronic arthritis in which the cause is known with certainty. Because cytokines are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic arthritis, we investigated the effect of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, on the gene expression and synthesis of IL-1 beta and the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Live B. burgdorferi induced fivefold more IL-1 beta than IL-1 alpha and sevenfold more IL-1 beta than IL-1ra; LPS or sonicated B. burgdorferi induced similar amounts of all three cytokines. This preferential induction of IL-1 beta was most dramatic in response to a low passage, virulent preparation of B. burgdorferi vs. three high passage avirulent strains. No difference in induction of IL-1ra was seen between these strains. The marked induction of IL-1 beta was partially diminished by heat-treatment and abrogated by sonication; IL-1ra was not affected. This suggested that a membrane component(s) accounted for the preferential induction of IL-1 beta. However, recombinant outer surface protein beta induced little IL-1 beta. By 4 h after stimulation, B. burgdorferi induced sixfold more IL-1 beta protein than LPS. In contrast to LPS-induced IL-1 beta mRNA which reached maximal accumulation after 3 h, B. burgdorferi-induced IL-1 beta mRNA showed biphasic elevations at 3 and 18 h. B. burgdorferi-induced IL-1ra mRNA peaked at 12 h, whereas LPS-induced IL-1ra mRNA peaked at 9 h. IL-1 beta synthesis increased in response to increasing numbers of spirochetes, whereas IL-1ra synthesis did not. The preferential induction by B. burgdorferi of IL-1 beta over IL-1ra is an example of excess agonist over antagonist synthesis induced by a microbial pathogen, and may contribute to the destructive lesion of Lyme arthritis.

The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a perspective for the 1990s

Abstract: Atherosclerosis, the principal cause of heart attack, stroke and gangrene of the extremities, is responsible for 50% of all mortality in the USA, Europe and Japan. The lesions result from an excessive, inflammatory-fibroproliferative response to various forms of insult to the endothelium and smooth muscle of the artery wall. A large number of growth factors, cytokines and vasoregulatory molecules participate in this process. Our ability to control the expression of genes encoding these molecules and to target specific cell types provides opportunities to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic agents to induce the regression of the lesions and, possibly, to prevent their formation.

Cancer-related inflammation.

Abstract: The mediators and cellular effectors of inflammation are important constituents of the local environment of tumours. In some types of cancer, inflammatory conditions are present before a malignant change occurs. Conversely, in other types of cancer, an oncogenic change induces an inflammatory microenvironment that promotes the development of tumours. Regardless of its origin, 'smouldering' inflammation in the tumour microenvironment has many tumour-promoting effects. It aids in the proliferation and survival of malignant cells, promotes angiogenesis and metastasis, subverts adaptive immune responses, and alters responses to hormones and chemotherapeutic agents. The molecular pathways of this cancer-related inflammation are now being unravelled, resulting in the identification of new target molecules that could lead to improved diagnosis and treatment.

Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2012.

Abstract: Objective:To provide an update to the “Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock,” last published in 2008.Design:A consensus committee of 68 international experts representing 30 international organizations was convened. Nominal groups were assembled at ke

Inflammation in atherosclerosis

Abstract: Abundant data link hypercholesterolaemia to atherogenesis. However, only recently have we appreciated that inflammatory mechanisms couple dyslipidaemia to atheroma formation. Leukocyte recruitment and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines characterize early atherogenesis, and malfunction of inflammatory mediators mutes atheroma formation in mice. Moreover, inflammatory pathways promote thrombosis, a late and dreaded complication of atherosclerosis responsible for myocardial infarctions and most strokes. The new appreciation of the role of inflammation in atherosclerosis provides a mechanistic framework for understanding the clinical benefits of lipid-lowering therapies. Identifying the triggers for inflammation and unravelling the details of inflammatory pathways may eventually furnish new therapeutic targets.