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Charles A. Eckert

Bio: Charles A. Eckert is an academic researcher from Georgia Institute of Technology. The author has contributed to research in topics: Supercritical fluid & Catalysis. The author has an hindex of 60, co-authored 268 publications receiving 17441 citations. Previous affiliations of Charles A. Eckert include University at Buffalo & University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
27 Jan 2006-Science
TL;DR: The integration of agroenergy crops and biorefinery manufacturing technologies offers the potential for the development of sustainable biopower and biomaterials that will lead to a new manufacturing paradigm.
Abstract: Biomass represents an abundant carbon-neutral renewable resource for the production of bioenergy and biomaterials, and its enhanced use would address several societal needs. Advances in genetics, biotechnology, process chemistry, and engineering are leading to a new manufacturing concept for converting renewable biomass to valuable fuels and products, generally referred to as the biorefinery. The integration of agroenergy crops and biorefinery manufacturing technologies offers the potential for the development of sustainable biopower and biomaterials that will lead to a new manufacturing paradigm.

5,344 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
25 Aug 2005-Nature
TL;DR: A switchable solvents system that converts to an ionic liquid upon exposure to an atmosphere of carbon dioxide, and then reverts back to its non-ionic form when exposed to nitrogen or argon gas is created.
Abstract: Imagine a smart solvent that can be switched reversibly from a liquid with one set of properties to another that has very different properties, upon command. Here we create such a system, in which a non-ionic liquid (an alcohol and an amine base) converts to an ionic liquid (a salt in liquid form) upon exposure to an atmosphere of carbon dioxide, and then reverts back to its non-ionic form when exposed to nitrogen or argon gas. Such switchable solvents should facilitate organic syntheses and separations by eliminating the need to remove and replace solvents after each reaction step.

821 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
26 Sep 1996-Nature
TL;DR: Fluids near their critical point have dissolving power comparable to that of liquids, are much more compressible than dilute gases, and have transport properties intermediate between gas-and liquid-like as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Fluids near their critical point have dissolving power comparable to that of liquids, are much more compressible than dilute gases, and have transport properties intermediate between gas-and liquid-like. This unusual combination of physical properties can be advantageously exploited in environmentally benign separation and reaction processes, as well as for new kinds of materials processing.

804 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the bending mode (ν2) of CO2 to probe polymer−CO2 interactions and observed the splitting of the band corresponding to the CO2 ν2 mode.
Abstract: Fourier transform IR spectroscopy has been used to investigate the interaction of carbon dioxide with polymers. IR transmission and attenuated total reflectance spectra were obtained for CO2 impregnated into polymer films. It has been shown that the polymers possessing electron-donating functional groups (e.g., carbonyl groups) exhibit specific interactions with CO2, most probably of Lewis acid−base nature. An unusual aspect is the use of the bending mode (ν2) of CO2 to probe polymer−CO2 interactions. The evidence of the interaction is the observation of the splitting of the band corresponding to the CO2 ν2 mode. This splitting indicates that the double degeneracy of the ν2 mode is removed due to the interaction of electron lone pairs of the carbonyl oxygen with the carbon atom of the CO2 molecule. This splitting has not been observed for polymers lacking electron-donating functional groups (e.g., poly(ethylene)). In contrast, the ν3 mode shows little if any sensitivity to this interaction, which is in ac...

803 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI

[...]

08 Dec 2001-BMJ
TL;DR: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one, which seems an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.
Abstract: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality. Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

33,785 citations

28 Jul 2005
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1(PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员,通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

18,940 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
27 Jan 2006-Science
TL;DR: The integration of agroenergy crops and biorefinery manufacturing technologies offers the potential for the development of sustainable biopower and biomaterials that will lead to a new manufacturing paradigm.
Abstract: Biomass represents an abundant carbon-neutral renewable resource for the production of bioenergy and biomaterials, and its enhanced use would address several societal needs. Advances in genetics, biotechnology, process chemistry, and engineering are leading to a new manufacturing concept for converting renewable biomass to valuable fuels and products, generally referred to as the biorefinery. The integration of agroenergy crops and biorefinery manufacturing technologies offers the potential for the development of sustainable biopower and biomaterials that will lead to a new manufacturing paradigm.

5,344 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Dehydroisomerization of Limonene and Terpenes To Produce Cymene 2481 4.2.1.
Abstract: 3.2.3. Hydroformylation 2467 3.2.4. Dimerization 2468 3.2.5. Oxidative Cleavage and Ozonolysis 2469 3.2.6. Metathesis 2470 4. Terpenes 2472 4.1. Pinene 2472 4.1.1. Isomerization: R-Pinene 2472 4.1.2. Epoxidation of R-Pinene 2475 4.1.3. Isomerization of R-Pinene Oxide 2477 4.1.4. Hydration of R-Pinene: R-Terpineol 2478 4.1.5. Dehydroisomerization 2479 4.2. Limonene 2480 4.2.1. Isomerization 2480 4.2.2. Epoxidation: Limonene Oxide 2480 4.2.3. Isomerization of Limonene Oxide 2481 4.2.4. Dehydroisomerization of Limonene and Terpenes To Produce Cymene 2481

5,127 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Biomass is an important feedstock for the renewable production of fuels, chemicals, and energy, and it recently surpassed hydroelectric energy as the largest domestic source of renewable energy.
Abstract: Biomass is an important feedstock for the renewable production of fuels, chemicals, and energy. As of 2005, over 3% of the total energy consumption in the United States was supplied by biomass, and it recently surpassed hydroelectric energy as the largest domestic source of renewable energy. Similarly, the European Union received 66.1% of its renewable energy from biomass, which thus surpassed the total combined contribution from hydropower, wind power, geothermal energy, and solar power. In addition to energy, the production of chemicals from biomass is also essential; indeed, the only renewable source of liquid transportation fuels is currently obtained from biomass.

3,644 citations