Author
Charles A. Kunos
Other affiliations: Cleveland Museum of Natural History, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Kettering Medical Center ...read more
Bio: Charles A. Kunos is an academic researcher from Case Western Reserve University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Radiation therapy & Cervical cancer. The author has an hindex of 26, co-authored 101 publications receiving 2001 citations. Previous affiliations of Charles A. Kunos include Cleveland Museum of Natural History & University Hospitals of Cleveland.
Topics: Radiation therapy, Cervical cancer, Radiosurgery, Cancer, Medicine
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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Harvard University1, Medical College of Wisconsin2, University of Utah3, University of Pittsburgh4, University of Iowa5, University of Alabama6, University of Western Ontario7, Mayo Clinic8, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center9, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill10, Case Western Reserve University11, University of Pennsylvania12, University of Washington13, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana14, University of Miami15, Loyola University Chicago16, Northwestern University17, University of California, San Diego18, Washington University in St. Louis19
TL;DR: In a comparison of MR-contouring with CT-contoured CTV volumes, the higher level of agreement on CT may be due to the more distinct contrast medium visible on the images at the time of brachytherapy.
Abstract: Objective To create and compare consensus clinical target volume (CTV) contours for computed tomography (CT) and 3-Tesla (3-T) magnetic resonance (MR) image-based cervical-cancer brachytherapy. Methods and Materials Twenty-three experts in gynecologic radiation oncology contoured the same 3 cervical cancer brachytherapy cases: 1 stage IIB near-complete response (CR) case with a tandem and ovoid, 1 stage IIB partial response (PR) case with tandem and ovoid with needles, and 1 stage IB2 CR case with a tandem and ring applicator. The CT contours were completed before the MRI contours. These were analyzed for consistency and clarity of target delineation using an expectation maximization algorithm for simultaneous truth and performance level estimation (STAPLE), with κ statistics as a measure of agreement between participants. The conformity index was calculated for each of the 6 data sets. Dice coefficients were generated to compare the CT and MR contours of the same case. Results For all 3 cases, the mean tumor volume was smaller on MR than on CT ( P Conclusion In a comparison of MR-contoured with CT-contoured CTV volumes, the higher level of agreement on CT may be due to the more distinct contrast medium visible on the images at the time of brachytherapy. MR at the time of brachytherapy may be of greatest benefit in patients with large tumors with parametrial extension that have a partial or complete response to external beam. On the basis of these results, a 95% consensus volume was generated for CT and for MR. Online contouring atlases are available for instruction at http://www.nrgoncology.org/Resources/ContouringAtlases/GYNCervicalBrachytherapy.aspx.
149 citations
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TL;DR: Radiation after radical vulvectomy and inguinal lymphadenectomy significantly reduces local relapses and decreases cancer-related deaths and late toxicities remained similar after radiation or pelvic node resection.
146 citations
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TL;DR: Preliminary results showed SBRT as a safe and likely effective local treatment modality for pancreatic primary malignancy with acceptable rate of adverse events.
98 citations
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TL;DR: 3-AP was well tolerated at a three times weekly i.v. 25 mg/m2 dose during cisplatin and pelvic radiation and remained without disease relapse with a median 18 months of follow-up (6-32 months).
Abstract: Purpose: This study assessed the safety/tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and clinical activity of three times weekly i.v. 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (3-AP, NSC #663249) in combination with once-weekly i.v. cisplatin and daily pelvic radiation in patients with gynecologic malignancies. 3-AP is a novel small-molecule inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) and is being tested as a potential radiosensitizer and chemosensitizer. Experimental Design: Patients with stage IB2 to IVB cervical cancer ( n = 10) or recurrent uterine sarcoma ( n = 1) were assigned to dose-finding cohorts of 2-hour 3-AP infusions during 5 weeks of cisplatin chemoradiation. Pharmacokinetic and methemoglobin samples and tumor biopsy for RNR activity were obtained on day 1 and day 10. Clinical response was assessed. Results: The maximum tolerated 3-AP dose was 25 mg/m 2 given three times weekly during cisplatin and pelvic radiation. Two patients experienced manageable 3-AP–related grade 3 or 4 electrolyte abnormalities. 3-AP pharmacokinetics showed a 2-hour half-life, with median peak plasma concentrations of 277 ng/mL (25 mg/m 2 ) and 467 ng/mL (50 mg/m 2 ). Median methemoglobin levels peaked at 1% (25 mg/m 2 ) and 6% (50 mg/m 2 ) at 4 hours after initiating 3-AP infusions. No change in RNR activity was found on day 1 versus day 10 in six early complete responders, whereas elevated RNR activity was seen on day 10 as compared with day 1 in four late complete responders ( P = 0.02). Ten (100%) patients with stage IB2 to IVB cervical cancer achieved complete clinical response and remained without disease relapse with a median 18 months of follow-up (6-32 months). Conclusions: 3-AP was well tolerated at a three times weekly i.v. 25 mg/m 2 dose during cisplatin and pelvic radiation. Clin Cancer Res; 16(4); 1298–306
87 citations
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TL;DR: Human first ribs demonstrate predictable, sequential changes in shape, size, and texture with increasing age, and thus, can be used as an indicator of age at death and improves the quality of summary age assessments.
Abstract: Human first ribs demonstrate predictable, sequential changes in shape, size, and texture with increasing age, and thus, can be used as an indicator of age at death. Metamorphosis of the first rib's head, tubercle, and costal face was documented in a cross-sectional sample of preadult and adult first ribs of known age at death from the Hamann-Todd skeletal collection (Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, Ohio). Blind tests of the usefulness of the first rib as an age indicator were conducted, including tabulation of intraobserver and interobserver inaccuracies and biases. First rib age estimates show inaccuracies and biases by decade comparable to those generated by other aging techniques. Indeed, the first rib method is useful as an isolated age indicator. When used in conjunction with other age indicators, the first rib improves the quality of summary age assessments.
79 citations
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European Institute of Oncology1, Harvard University2, University of Sydney3, Institut Jules Bordet4, Kantonsspital St. Gallen5, University of St. Gallen6, Loyola University Chicago7, Institut Gustave Roussy8, Karolinska Institutet9, University of Bordeaux10, University of Geneva11, University of Pittsburgh12, University of Copenhagen13, University of Newcastle14, Medical University of Vienna15, University of Toronto16, University of Michigan17, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center18, Mayo Clinic19, Gdańsk Medical University20, University of Gothenburg21, Baylor College of Medicine22, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill23, Université libre de Bruxelles24, Netherlands Cancer Institute25, Fudan University26, Kyoto University27, King's College London28, University of Göttingen29, Emory University30
TL;DR: The 13th St Gallen International Breast Cancer Conference (2013) Expert Panel reviewed and endorsed substantial new evidence on aspects of the local and regional therapies for early breast cancer, supporting less extensive surgery to the axilla and shorter durations of radiation therapy.
2,831 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the effect of local derivatives on the detection of intensity edges in images, where the local difference of intensities is computed for each pixel in the image.
Abstract: Most of the signal processing that we will study in this course involves local operations on a signal, namely transforming the signal by applying linear combinations of values in the neighborhood of each sample point. You are familiar with such operations from Calculus, namely, taking derivatives and you are also familiar with this from optics namely blurring a signal. We will be looking at sampled signals only. Let's start with a few basic examples. Local difference Suppose we have a 1D image and we take the local difference of intensities, DI(x) = 1 2 (I(x + 1) − I(x − 1)) which give a discrete approximation to a partial derivative. (We compute this for each x in the image.) What is the effect of such a transformation? One key idea is that such a derivative would be useful for marking positions where the intensity changes. Such a change is called an edge. It is important to detect edges in images because they often mark locations at which object properties change. These can include changes in illumination along a surface due to a shadow boundary, or a material (pigment) change, or a change in depth as when one object ends and another begins. The computational problem of finding intensity edges in images is called edge detection. We could look for positions at which DI(x) has a large negative or positive value. Large positive values indicate an edge that goes from low to high intensity, and large negative values indicate an edge that goes from high to low intensity. Example Suppose the image consists of a single (slightly sloped) edge:
1,829 citations
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TL;DR: This work implemented standard bone measurements in a novel ImageJ plugin, BoneJ, with which it analysed trabecular bone, whole bones and osteocyte lacunae and found that available software solutions were expensive, inflexible or methodologically opaque.
1,723 citations
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TL;DR: Targeting iron metabolic pathways may provide new tools for cancer prognosis and therapy and suggest that reprogramming of iron metabolism is a central aspect of tumour cell survival.
Abstract: Iron is an essential nutrient that facilitates cell proliferation and growth. However, iron also has the capacity to engage in redox cycling and free radical formation. Therefore, iron can contribute to both tumour initiation and tumour growth; recent work has also shown that iron has a role in the tumour microenvironment and in metastasis. Pathways of iron acquisition, efflux, storage and regulation are all perturbed in cancer, suggesting that reprogramming of iron metabolism is a central aspect of tumour cell survival. Signalling through hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and WNT pathways may contribute to altered iron metabolism in cancer. Targeting iron metabolic pathways may provide new tools for cancer prognosis and therapy.
1,116 citations
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999 citations