In this letter we introduce a new routing technique designed exclusively for VANETs and present some initial performance results. The algorithm was named Junction-based Multipath Source Routing (JMSR). Its main characteristics comprise the multiple routes towards the destination, the junction-centric logic and the adoption of source routing mechanisms.

https://www.eurecom.fr/en/publication/3911/download/cm-publi-3911.pdf

Investigating a Junction-Based Multipath Source Routing Algorithm for VANETs

Human safety considerations linked with rapidly growing auto mobile market has given special attention to the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). ITS provides a set of stan- dards for inter vehicular communication with emphasis on safety, traffic efficiency and infotain- ment related applications. In ITS, the vehicles acting as mobile nodes, form a specialized ad hoc network, known as Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET). Although, VANET and ITS are under intense research since last decade, technology still lacks large scale deployment. Vehicle to Ve- hicle (V2V) and Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) communications are the main research goals of ITS. High relative node velocity and high active node density has presented peculiar challenges to connectivity within VANET. VANET connectivity and routing requirements range from the time critical safety applications, to the time and space hovering, delay tolerant and infotainment applications. This paper reviews connectivity issues in VANET with emphasis on routing, and offers comprehensive literature review on state of the art in VANET routing, with its detailed classifications. It also compares some standard architectures of VANET from MAC, routing and management perspective, i.e., WAVE by IEEE, CALM by ISO, C2CNet by C2C consortium / GeoNet.

/pdf/classification-of-vanet-mac-routing-and-approaches-a-4no4fk83zi.pdf

Classification of VANET MAC, Routing and Approaches A Detailed Survey

Modeling complicated vehicular traffic behavior and analyzing effects on the communication performance of routing protocols taken by environmental factors have been a challenging task for the past several years. In this paper, we study the performance of multi-path routing protocol. Then, we investigate both multi-path and single-path routing protocol and analyze characteristics such as network connectivity, vehicle-node density etc. To better understand this phenomenon, we use mobility model with different parameters and evaluate the performance of routing protocols (Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector and Ad-hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector routing protocols) through NS2 platform. The simulation results show the significance of multi-path on the throughput, loss and average delay of VANETs. The results of this paper may be used to study designing route protocols and applications of VANET.

/pdf/performance-study-of-multi-path-in-vanets-and-their-impact-3e1e5owzdz.pdf

Performance Study of Multi-Path in VANETs and Their Impact on Routing Protocols

Multipath TCP (MPTCP) is one of the most important extensions to TCP that enables the use of multiple paths in data transmissions for a TCP connection. In MPTCP, the end hosts transmit data across a number of TCP subflows simultaneously on one connection. MPTCP can sufficiently utilize the bandwidth resources to improve the transmission efficiency while providing TCP fairness to other TCP connections. Meanwhile, it also offers resilience due to multipath data transfers. MPTCP attracts tremendous attention from the academic and industry field due to the explosive data growth in recent times and limited network bandwidth for each single available communication interface. The vehicular Internet-of-Things systems, such as cooperative autonomous driving, require reliable high speed data transmission and robustness. MPTCP could be a promising approach to solve these challenges. In this paper, we first conduct a brief survey of existing MPTCP studies and give a brief overview to multipath routing. Then we discuss the significance technical challenges in applying MPTCP for vehicular networks and point out future research directions.

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/8/2793/pdf

A Brief Review of Multipath TCP for Vehicular Networks.

The actual proposed routing protocols for VANETs (Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks) present different features for communication among hosts/vehicles considering the strong topology change, but most of these features are needed for routing in these specific networks. These routing protocols support vehicle traffic on a large scale, intense mobility of vehicles, connections without link breakage, etc. But as they are different protocols the routers (nodes) have to switch to a routing protocol in a certain moment, which is a problem. This paper presents a routing architecture for VANETs to face it. The most important technical features for routing in VANETs were grouped in the Routing Architecture. To validate the proposed architecture several existing protocols were unified in the architecture producing a new routing protocol for VANETs. The produced protocol is the Generic Vehicular Dynamic Source Routing (GVDSR). Simulations of the GVDSR protocol have been made on the Malaga city showing the contributions and advantages for routing performance. The proposed architecture and protocol were simulated in the Network Simulator 2 featuring better performance than the compared protocols.

Routing Architecture for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) using WLAN technology have recently received considerable attention. One of the critical research challenges consists of the design of scalable routing algorithms that are robust to frequent path breakage caused by high mobility of vehicles. In this paper, we propose a multipath routing protocol for VANET named Fast Restoration On-demand Multipath Routing (FROMR). Different from previous researches which emphasize path disjointness, FROMR focuses on rapidly building an alternate path if the original route is broken. In order to reduce the amount of control messages as well as increase the path robustness, FROMR partitions the geographic region into squares of equal-size called grids. Inside each grid, a vehicle which is expected to stay for the longest duration is selected as the grid leader. Only grid leaders are responsible for route discovery, maintenance and restoration. Experimental results show that the proposed FROMR protocols outperform the popular AODV protocol in terms of packet delivery ratio, throughput, route lifetime, and control overhead.

Cheng-Shiun Wu

Papers

Design of fast restoration multipath routing in VANETs