成一 和田

Bio: 成一 和田 is an academic researcher. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 28 citations.

In vitro evaluation of selenium genotoxic, cytotoxic, and protective effects: a review

Abstract: Selenium is an oligoelement with essential biological functions. Diet is the most important selenium source, and intake of this element depends on its concentration in food and amount of food consumed. Among the essential human micronutrients, selenium is peculiar due to its beneficial physiological activity and toxicity. It may have anticarcinogenic effects at low concentrations, whereas at concentrations higher than those necessary for nutrition, it can be genotoxic and carcinogenic. Because of that, selenium is probably the most widely investigated of all the oligonutrients. In the last decades, there has been increasing interest in several nutritional Se compounds because of their environmental, biological, and toxicological properties, particularly for their cancer- and disease-preventing activities. This article gives an overview of the results of in vitro studies on mutagenicity, genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and DNA repair conducted within the last decades with different organic and inorganic selenium compounds. Results from these studies provide a better knowledge on the selenium activity and help to elucidate the reasons underlying its duality in order to regulate its correct use in nutrition and clinic.

Assessment of DNA damage in workers occupationally exposed to pesticide mixtures by the alkaline comet assay.

Abstract: The potential genetic hazard of pesticides to human beings is of great concern in occupational and environmental settings because of the widespread use of these chemicals for domestic and industrial applications. Various studies have revealed a significantly elevated risk for particular tumours in humans exposed to some pesticides. Results from the biological monitoring or cytogenetic methods for the detection of health risks to pesticides have given both positive and negative results of mutagenicity. In this study DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes of 33 pesticide-exposed workers employed in the municipality of Ankara (Turkey) for at least 1 year was examined by alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis, the 'comet' technique. Results were compared with those from 33 controls of comparable age, sex and smoking habits, which were not occupationally exposed to pesticides. Work characteristics of the exposed workers and the use of personnel protective measures were also investigated. The DNA damage observed in lymphocytes of the workers was significantly higher than that in the controls (P<0.001). The observed DNA damage was found to be significantly lower (P<0.001) in workers applying some of the necessary individual safety protections during their work. Cigarette smoking was not related to increases in DNA damage; also, no significant association was found between the duration of occupational exposure to pesticides and the degree of DNA damage.

A study on the effects of seasonal solar radiation on exposed populations

Abstract: In the present study the effects of seasonal solar radiation (summer and winter) on exposed populations of two different age groups (20-25 and 40-55 years old) were investigated. In addition, the effects of external factors, such as hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and gamma-irradiation, as well as the repair efficiency of human lymphocytes from these populations, was also evaluated. Our results show that the amount of DNA damage appears to be influenced by the exposure to solar radiation, with the summer exposure being the most damaging. Age was also found to be a significant factor, with the older population being more susceptible to solar radiation than the younger one. Season does not appear to affect the sensitivity to external DNA-damaging agents, while age does. Age was also found to have an effect on the DNA repair capacity of the examined populations.