Microneedles for drug and vaccine delivery.

For several centuries fluid dynamics studies have relied upon the assumption that when a liquid flows over a solid surface, the liquid molecules adjacent to the solid are stationary relative to the solid. This no-slip boundary condition (BC) has been applied successfully to model many macroscopic experiments, but has no microscopic justification. In recent years there has been an increased interest in determining the appropriate BCs for the flow of Newtonian liquids in confined geometries, partly due to exciting developments in the fields of microfluidic and microelectromechanical devices and partly because new and more sophisticated measurement techniques are now available. An increasing number of research groups now dedicate great attention to the study of the flow of liquids at solid interfaces, and as a result a large number of experimental, computational and theoretical studies have appeared in the literature. We provide here a review of experimental studies regarding the phenomenon of slip of Newtonian liquids at solid interfaces. We dedicate particular attention to the effects that factors such as surface roughness, wettability and the presence of gaseous layers might have on the measured interfacial slip. We also discuss how future studies might improve our understanding of hydrodynamic BCs and enable us to actively control liquid slip.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0034-4885/68/12/R05/pdf

Boundary slip in Newtonian liquids: a review of experimental studies

Lattice Boltzmann methods for multiphase flow and phase-change heat transfer

Electrorheological (ER) suspensions, typically composed of nonconducting or weakly conducting particles dispersed in an insulating liquid, undergo dramatic, reversible changes when exposed to an external electric field. Apparent suspension viscosities can increase several orders of magnitude for electric field strengths of the order of 1 kV mm −1 , with simultaneous ordering of the microstructure into particulate columns. While this electronic control of momentum transport and structure has many applications, development is severely inhibited by a lack of suitable materials and an incomplete understanding of the underlying mechanisms. This review focuses on the current understanding of the microscopic phenomena believed to control ER and the models used to describe macroscopic behavior. Particular emphasis is placed upon comparing model predictions with experimental observations, relating macroscopic behavior to microscopic mechanisms, and demonstrating the utility of mechanistic models for furthering our understanding of electrorheology.

Electrorheology : mechanisms and models

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/544115.pdf

Hydrodynamic lubrication of textured surfaces: A review of modeling techniques and key findings

Microneedle, bio-microneedle and bio-inspired microneedle: A review

Introduction d'un facteur de contact pour simplifier les calculs dans le cas de l'equation de Reynolds moyennee en lubrification avec film partiel

Chengwei Wu

Papers

Microneedle, bio-microneedle and bio-inspired microneedle: A review

An Average Reynolds Equation for Partial Film Lubrication With a Contact Factor

Contact resistance prediction and structure optimization of bipolar plates

Injectable and body temperature sensitive hydrogels based on chitosan and hyaluronic acid for pH sensitive drug release.

Numerical study on the compression effect of gas diffusion layer on PEMFC performance