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Showing papers by "Chi-Yue Chiu published in 2002"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, two experiments revealed that solving novel conceptual combination problems could enhance performance in a subsequent test of creativity and that the beneficial effects of solving novel combination problems were mediated in part by the use of novel conceptual combinations strategies.
Abstract: Two experiments revealed that solving novel conceptual combination problems could enhance performance in a subsequent test of creativity. The evidence also showed that the beneficial effects of solving novel conceptual combination problems were mediated in part by the use of novel conceptual combination strategies. However, the positive effect of the novel conceptual combination training on divergent thinking was found only among males, probably because the creativity measure used in the experiment was biased against female participants. These findings were discussed in terms of their theoretical significance and implications for teaching creativity.

71 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The regulatory focus theory as discussed by the authors maintains that people may focus on achieving positive outcomes (have a promotion focus) or avoiding negative ones when they pursue their goals, and that people would formulate as many strategies as possible to attain their goal, and hence be fluent in idea generation when they perform a creative task.
Abstract: The Regulatory Focus Theory maintains that people may focus on achieving positive outcomes (have a promotion focus) or avoiding negative ones (have a prevention focus) when they pursue their goals. Under a promotion focus, people would formulate as many strategies as possible to attain their goal, and hence be fluent in idea generation when they perform a creative task. In contrast, people under a prevention focus would seek to avoid the negative consequences of failing to attain a valued goal, and persist even when the likelihood of success in a creativity situation is small. We tested these predictions in a study, where regulatory focus was measured as an individual differences variable (Part 1) and induced by a goal framing manipulation (Part 2). The results supported our predictions, and suggested that creative accomplishment requires flexible alternation of regulatory foci at the different stages of creative undertakings.

67 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the memory search task to examine entity and incremental theorists' cognitive strategies in memory search and found that entity theorists, who have a greater tendency to make spontaneous evaluation of people, would organize impressions in short-term memory according to whether the stimulus persons are positively or negatively evaluated.
Abstract: People may believe that personal attributes are fixed entities that cannot be changed (hold an entity theory). Alternatively, they may believe that qualities of a person are malleable (hold an incremental theory). In the present research, the authors used Sternberg’s (1966) memory search task to examine entity and incremental theorists’ cognitive strategies in memory search. It was hypothesized that entity theorists, who have a greater tendency to make spontaneous evaluation of people, would organize impressions in short-term memory according to whether the stimulus persons are positively or negatively evaluated. Next, they might compare the probe only to the stimulus persons with matched valence or discard the ones that did not match the probe in valence. By comparison, incremental theorists, who tend not to make immediate evaluative trait judgments, should be less likely to use these evaluation-based strategies. These hypotheses were confirmed in two memory search experiments, in which the names of posi...

12 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Individual differences in automatic social information processing are examined, showing that when nondepressed participants were reminded of people with whom they had frequent pleasant interactions, they made a greater number of positive judgments about their social relationships than did subclinically depressed participants.
Abstract: The present research examined individual differences in automatic social information processing. We hypothesized that because nondepressed and subclinically depressed persons have different interpersonal experiences, they may process social information in different ways. In this experiment, participants were asked to make judgments about social relationships after being reminded of a target person. They had to make these judgments under either a light or a heavy memory load. Results showed that when nondepressed participants were reminded of people with whom they had frequent pleasant interactions, they made a greater number of positive judgments about their social relationships than did subclinically depressed participants. When subclinically depressed participants were reminded of people with whom they had had frequent unpleasant interactions, they made a greater number of negative judgments about their social relationships than did their nondepressed counterparts. Moreover, performance in these experimental conditions was unaffected by memory load, suggesting that automatic thoughts about their social relationships had been evoked.

9 citations


Posted Content
TL;DR: This paper found that cross-cultural differences in conflict resolution choices are driven by cognitive scripts - expectancies about appropriate actions in a setting and outcomes they will evoke, and that these scripts affect the extent to which individuals rely on their own cultural scripts and display culturally typical conflict resolution behaviors.
Abstract: The current research investigates the proposal that cross-cultural differences in conflict resolution choices are driven by cognitive scripts - expectancies about appropriate actions in a setting and outcomes they will evoke. Cognitive styles such as Need for Cognitive Closure affect the extent to which individuals rely on their own cultural scripts and hence display culturally typical conflict resolution behaviors. We tested this prediction in two conflict resolution domains where robust differences between American and Chinese had been identified. In Study 1, participants completed the NFC scale (Webster & Kruglanski, 1994) and the conflict management styles inventory (Rahim, 1983). Results showed that differences in conflict management styles emerge primarily in high NFC individuals. In Study 2, participants first filled out the NFC scale and then read a conflict scenario and responded to which type of third party conflict mediator they would prefer and the expectancies attached for each conflict mediator. It was found that differences in preference of types of the third party conflict mediator are qualified by the interaction between culture and individual differences in NFC. Among high NFC individuals, Chinese preferred relationally connected third party whereas American preferred relationally unconnected one. However, this differential pattern was reduced among low NFC individuals. Further evidence was provided by the statistical mediation of expectancies of harmony maintenance or restoration on the moderated cultural difference in choosing the third party. We discuss emergence of cross-cultural difference in light of script-based expectancies interacting with individual-level mechanisms.

2 citations