Showing papers by "Chi-Yue Chiu published in 2012"

Student motivation : the culture and context of learning

Abstract: 1. The Culture, Context of Learning F. Salili, et al. Part I: Attribution Theory/Beliefs and Values: Current Status and Research. 2. Intrapersonal, Interpersonal Theories of Motivation from an Attribution Perspective B. Weiner. 3. Inferences about Responsibility, Values: Implication for Academic Motivation S. Graham. 4. The Social Functions of Attributional Face Saving Tactics J. Juvonen. 5. Declining Optimism in Ethnic Minority Students: The Role of Attributions, Self-Esteem C. van Laar. 6. Chinese Students' Teachers' Inferences of Effort, Ability Y.-yi Hong. Part II: Goal Orientation Theory: New Ideas and Recent Research. 7. Cultural Diversity, Student Motivation, Achievement M.L. Maehr, R. Yamaguchi. 8. Goal Orientation, Self-Regulated Learning in The College Classroom: A Cross-Cultural Comparison P.R. Pintrich, et al. 9. Contextual Influences on Motivation, Performance: An Examination of Achievement Goal Structures T. Urdan. 10. Cross-Cultural Response to Failure: Considering Outcome Attributions with Different Goals H. Grant, C.S. Dweck. 11. The Influence of Culture, Context on Student's Motivational Orientation, Performance F. Safili, et al. 12. Goals, Motivation of Chinese Students -Testing The Adaptive Learning Model K. Shi, et al. Part III: Context of Learning and Classroom Instruction. 13. Classroom Context Effects on Young Children's Motivation D.J. Stipek. 14. Teaching Across Cultures J.B. Biggs. 15. Significance of Cultural, Motivation Variables on Students' Attitudes Towards Group Work S. Volet. 16. Research on Classroom Instruction, Its Effects - Shortcomings, Dead Ends, and Future Perspectives A. Helmke. Author Index. Subject Index.

Goal commitment and alignment of personal goals predict group identification only when the goals are shared

Abstract: Selfish pursuits of personal goals in group contexts may conflict with the group goal. Drawing on the shared reality theory and the intersubjective consensus approach to cultural dynamics, however,...

Negotiable Fate Social Ecological Foundation and Psychological Functions

Abstract: Individuals can negotiate with fate for control through exercising personal agency within the limits that fate has determined, a belief that is referred to as negotiable fate. The current study examined: (a) the social ecological factors that contribute to the prevalence of this belief in negotiable fate and; (b) the psychological functions it serves. The results from a cross-cultural study suggested that negotiable fate is more prevalent in contexts where individuals face many constraints in the pursuit of their goals (i.e., in Mainland China versus the United States), and it promotes active coping and positive self-views in those contexts. The importance of understanding how fate beliefs are linked to sociocultural contexts was discussed in reference to the psychological control literature and cultural psychology.

The Better-Than-Average Effect in Hong Kong and the United States The Role of Personal Trait Importance and Cultural Trait Importance

Abstract: People tend to make self-aggrandizing social comparisons on traits that are important to the self. However, existing research on the better-than-average effect (BTAE) and trait importance does not distinguish between personal trait importance (participants’ ratings of the importance of certain traits to themselves) and cultural trait importance (participants’ perceptions of the importance of the traits to the cultural group to which they belong). We demonstrated the utility of this distinction by examining the joint effects of personal importance and cultural importance on the BTAE among Hong Kong Chinese and American participants. Results showed that the BTAE was more pronounced for personally important traits among both Chinese and American participants. More important, the magnitude of the BTAE was smaller on culturally important traits among Chinese participants only. Chinese participants displayed the strongest BTAE on personally important and culturally unimportant traits, and the smallest BTAE on p...

Standing in the glory or shadow of the past self: cultures differ in how much the past self affects current subjective well-being.

Abstract: Research in the past 2 decades has made great strides in understanding cross-cultural differences in the correlates and causes of subjective well-being. On the basis of past findings on the cross-cultural differences in temporal perspectives of the self, the present research examined a cross-cultural difference in individuals' subjective well-being as a function of how positively they viewed their present and past selves. Study I showed that both European and Asian Americans had higher subjective well-being when they viewed their present selves more positively. However, positive evaluations of the past self were accompanied by higher subjective well-being only among Asian Americans. Study 2 showed that when induced to think positively (vs. negatively) of the present self, both European and Asian Americans judged their current lives more favorably. However, when led to view the past self positively (vs. negatively), only Asian Americans made more favorable judgments about their current lives.

Cultural construction of success and epistemic motives moderate American-Chinese differences in reward allocation biases

Abstract: When the relative contribution of the self and the group to a group success is unclear, Americans tend to exhibit a self-serving bias (rewarding the self more than what the self deserves), whereas the Chinese tend to exhibit an other-serving bias (rewarding the group more than the group deserves). In a study comparing the reward allocation biases of Americans and Chinese in different group outcome conditions, the authors showed that the abovementioned cultural difference is found (a) only for culturally congruent success experience (attaining approach goals for Americans and avoidance goals for Chinese) and (b) among individuals who are motivated by the need for cognitive closure to exhibit culturally typical responses. This finding has important implications for understanding the dynamic nature of cultural influences on social behaviors.

Globalization and Exclusionary Responses to Foreign Brands

Abstract: This chapter reviews how globalization can promote exclusionary reactions to imported products and foreign brands. Exclusionary reactions are emotional, reflexive responses evoked by perceived threats to the integrity of one’s heritage cultural identity. These reactions sometimes lead to xenophobic behaviors. Consumers on the receiving end of the global culture may be concerned that globalization will ultimately lead to homogenization of cultures via global hegemony. Fear of global culture’s hegemonic influence on the local culture often takes the form of contamination anxiety—the worry that imported technology will contaminate the local culture. Such contamination fear is responsible for some of the hostile reactions to global businesses, which are often perceived to be agents of global hegemony. The chapter concludes by discussing how these exclusionary reactions may be ameliorated.