Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

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The Practice Of Everyday Life

The ability to understand and manage social signals of a person we are communicating with is the core of social intelligence. Social intelligence is a facet of human intelligence that has been argued to be indispensable and perhaps the most important for success in life. This paper argues that next-generation computing needs to include the essence of social intelligence - the ability to recognize human social signals and social behaviours like turn taking, politeness, and disagreement - in order to become more effective and more efficient. Although each one of us understands the importance of social signals in everyday life situations, and in spite of recent advances in machine analysis of relevant behavioural cues like blinks, smiles, crossed arms, laughter, and similar, design and development of automated systems for social signal processing (SSP) are rather difficult. This paper surveys the past efforts in solving these problems by a computer, it summarizes the relevant findings in social psychology, and it proposes a set of recommendations for enabling the development of the next generation of socially aware computing.

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Social Signal Processing

The release of smartphones and tablets, which offer more advanced communication and computing capabilities, has led to the strong emergence of mHealth on the market. mHealth systems are being used to improve patients' lives and their health, in addition to facilitating communication between doctors and patients. Researchers are now proposing mHealth applications for many health conditions such as dementia, autism, dysarthria, Parkinson's disease, and so on. Usability becomes a key factor in the adoption of these applications, which are often used by people who have problems when using mobile devices and who have a limited experience of technology. The aim of this paper is to investigate the empirical usability evaluation processes described in a total of 22 selected studies related to mHealth applications by means of a Systematic Literature Review. Our results show that the empirical evaluation methods employed as regards usability could be improved by the adoption of automated mechanisms. The evaluation processes should also be revised to combine more than one method. This paper will help researchers and developers to create more usable applications. Our study demonstrates the importance of adapting health applications to users' need.

Empirical Studies on Usability of mHealth Apps: A Systematic Literature Review

Social Signal Processing is the research domain aimed at bridging the social intelligence gap between humans and machines. This paper is the first survey of the domain that jointly considers its three major aspects, namely, modeling, analysis, and synthesis of social behavior. Modeling investigates laws and principles underlying social interaction, analysis explores approaches for automatic understanding of social exchanges recorded with different sensors, and synthesis studies techniques for the generation of social behavior via various forms of embodiment. For each of the above aspects, the paper includes an extensive survey of the literature, points to the most important publicly available resources, and outlines the most fundamental challenges ahead.

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Bridging the Gap between Social Animal and Unsocial Machine: A Survey of Social Signal Processing

The domestic environment is more than a place where to live. It is a territory of meaning, a place where pleasure, affect and aesthetics are deeply interwoven with the functional and utilitarian dimensions. With the aging process, the home is progressively invested with new meanings and functions, and becomes the emotional center of older people's life. This paper presents a user study based on cultural probes on how domestic spaces are managed and perceived by older adults, uncovering some of the complex interrelations among the daily activities, objects and meanings revolving around the home. The findings provide suggestions on how the dimensions of remembrance, perception of safety and environmental stability may affect the design of domestic technology for elderly people.

Knocking on elders' door: investigating the functional and emotional geography of their domestic space

The complexity of group dynamics occurring in small group interactions often hinders the performance of teams. The availability of rich multimodal information about what is going on during the meeting makes it possible to explore the possibility of providing support to dysfunctional teams from facilitation to training sessions addressing both the individuals and the group as a whole. A necessary step in this direction is that of capturing and understanding group dynamics. In this paper, we discuss a particular scenario, in which meeting participants receive multimedia feedback on their relational behaviour, as a first step towards increasing self-awareness. We describe the background and the motivation for a coding scheme for annotating meeting recordings partially inspired by the Bales’ Interaction Process Analysis. This coding scheme was aimed at identifying suitable observable behavioural sequences. The study is complemented with an experimental investigation on the acceptability of such a service.

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Multimodal support to group dynamics

In this paper, we present SecondNose, an air quality mobile crowdsensing service, aimed at collecting environmental data to monitor some air pollution indicators to foster participants' reflection on their overall exposure to pollutants. Currently, SecondNose aggregates more than 30k data points daily from 80 citizens in Trento, northern Italy. The paper describes the system and the results of an initial evaluation. We conclude with an outline of future work on the research and development of SecondNose.

SecondNose: an air quality mobile crowdsensing system

This paper presents the design ideas and a preliminary study of a touch-based gestural interface to support older adults in social networking. We had the hypothesis that the directness of gestures made them well suited to implement an interaction metaphor based on familiarity. Although preliminary, this hypothesis can be sustained. In particular, we found that most of the gestures (and in particular the iconic and the dynamic ones) have a hedonic quality that attracted and motivated our participants. We think that our results may contribute to the ongoing debate about gestural interfaces and help in understanding the value and the issue of this form of interaction.

An exploratory study of a touch-based gestural interface for elderly

Older adults have a difficult relationship with technology mostly because hardware and software have not been designed to suit them. For a large part of the old population, technology is unfamiliar and “alien” and even when elderly people perceive the potential of technology, they consider the investment of personal resources needed to use a new artefact as too high. The language spoken by technology is unfamiliar to elderly people because it depends on a series of elements that are out of their culture. In the present paper we propose a design approach based on familiarity, investigating how to translate technology language into a language familiar to those individuals grown up before the technological revolution.

Chiara Leonardi

Papers

Knocking on elders' door: investigating the functional and emotional geography of their domestic space

Multimodal support to group dynamics

SecondNose: an air quality mobile crowdsensing system

An exploratory study of a touch-based gestural interface for elderly

Designing a familiar technology for elderly people