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Ching Y. Suen

Bio: Ching Y. Suen is an academic researcher from Concordia University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Handwriting recognition & Feature extraction. The author has an hindex of 65, co-authored 511 publications receiving 23594 citations. Previous affiliations of Ching Y. Suen include École de technologie supérieure & Concordia University Wisconsin.


Papers
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Proceedings ArticleDOI
11 Aug 2002
TL;DR: New versions of nonlinear geometric transformations S~S~/sup #/M, S~I~/Sup #/ M, CS~/ Sup #/I ~/sup#/M approximated by piecewise linear transformations to circumvent the necessity of finding the nonlinear solutions, and to obtain exact integration computationally.
Abstract: Nonlinear geometric transformations, such as the splitting-shooting method (SSM), the splitting-integrating method (SIM) and their combination (CSIM), and their advanced versions S~S~M, S~I~M, CS~I~M have been developed. This paper proposes new versions of such nonlinear transformations, S~S~/sup #/M, S~I~/sup #/M, CS~/sup #/I~/sup #/M, approximated by piecewise linear transformations to circumvent the necessity of finding the nonlinear solutions, and to obtain exact integration computationally. The absolute errors of pixel greyness are proven to be O(H), where H is the length of a pixel region. It is worth pointing out that the new algorithms in this paper do not produce any sequential errors as N/spl ges/N/sub 0/. Apart from this distinctive feature, the absolute error bound O(H) can be applied to all kinds of images with discontinuity, including fully isolated pixels.
Book ChapterDOI
19 Oct 2020
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on using the subscriber location field in the profile of each candidate to estimate support in each state and find a correlation between popularity on Twitter, and eventual popular vote in the election.
Abstract: Increasingly, politicians and political parties are engaging their electors using social media. In the US Federal Election of 2016, candidates from both parties made heavy use of social media, particularly Twitter. It is then reasonable to attempt to find a correlation between popularity on Twitter, and eventual popular vote in the election. In this paper, we will focus on using the subscriber ‘location’ field in the profile of each candidate to estimate support in each state.
Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: This paper enables the elements in the object region to approximate global maximum by fitting the distribution of elements inThe object region with successful recognition by solving sparse coefficients for face recognition.
Abstract: Face recognition is an active topic in recognition systems, while face occlusion is one of the most challenging problems for recognition. Recently, robust sparse coding achieved the state-of-the-art performance, especially when dealing with occluded images. However, robust sparse coding is known that only guarantees the coefficient is global sparse when solving sparse coefficients. In this paper, we enable the elements in the object region to approximate global maximum by fitting the distribution of elements in the object region with successful recognition. The efficacy of the proposed approach is verified on publicly available databases. Furthermore, our method can achieve much better performance when the training samples are limited.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
21 Aug 2022
TL;DR: In this article , different deep learning architectures to learn patterns that are objects lying on the Riemannian and Grassmann manifolds are considered, including cascades of classifier ensembles (CCEs), convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and deep neural forests (DNFs).
Abstract: This paper considers different deep learning architectures to learn patterns that are objects lying on the Riemannian and Grassmann manifolds. Among them, we considered cascades of classifier ensembles (CCEs), convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and deep neural forests (DNFs). All aforementioned architectures have linearized and nonlinearized versions. Patterns that are objects of Riemannian manifolds are classifier prediction pairwise matrices (CPPMs) while objects of the Grassmann manifolds are obtained using decision profiles (DPs). We also compared our architectures with CCEs that operate in the Euclidean geometry. As seen from the experimental results deep learning architectures based on CNNs provided the best results.
Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2023
TL;DR: In this paper , a novel network called ScriptNet is proposed, which is composed of two streams: spatial stream and visual stream, which capture the spatial dependencies within the image, while the visual stream describes the appearance of the image.
Abstract: Script identification is an essential part of a document image analysis system, since documents written in different scripts may undergo different processing methods. In this paper, we address the issue of script identification in camera-based document images, which is challenging since the camera-based document images are often subject to perspective distortions, uneven illuminations, etc. We propose a novel network called ScriptNet that is composed of two streams: spatial stream and visual stream. The spatial stream captures the spatial dependencies within the image, while the visual stream describes the appearance of the image. The two streams are then fused in the network, which can be trained in an end-to-end manner. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The two streams have been shown to be complementary to each other. An accuracy of $$99.1\%$$ has been achieved by our proposed network, which compares favourably with state-of-the-art methods. Besides, the proposed network achieves promising results even when it is trained with non-camera-based document images and tested on camera-based document images.

Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1998
TL;DR: In this article, a graph transformer network (GTN) is proposed for handwritten character recognition, which can be used to synthesize a complex decision surface that can classify high-dimensional patterns, such as handwritten characters.
Abstract: Multilayer neural networks trained with the back-propagation algorithm constitute the best example of a successful gradient based learning technique. Given an appropriate network architecture, gradient-based learning algorithms can be used to synthesize a complex decision surface that can classify high-dimensional patterns, such as handwritten characters, with minimal preprocessing. This paper reviews various methods applied to handwritten character recognition and compares them on a standard handwritten digit recognition task. Convolutional neural networks, which are specifically designed to deal with the variability of 2D shapes, are shown to outperform all other techniques. Real-life document recognition systems are composed of multiple modules including field extraction, segmentation recognition, and language modeling. A new learning paradigm, called graph transformer networks (GTN), allows such multimodule systems to be trained globally using gradient-based methods so as to minimize an overall performance measure. Two systems for online handwriting recognition are described. Experiments demonstrate the advantage of global training, and the flexibility of graph transformer networks. A graph transformer network for reading a bank cheque is also described. It uses convolutional neural network character recognizers combined with global training techniques to provide record accuracy on business and personal cheques. It is deployed commercially and reads several million cheques per day.

42,067 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Machine learning addresses many of the same research questions as the fields of statistics, data mining, and psychology, but with differences of emphasis.
Abstract: Machine Learning is the study of methods for programming computers to learn. Computers are applied to a wide range of tasks, and for most of these it is relatively easy for programmers to design and implement the necessary software. However, there are many tasks for which this is difficult or impossible. These can be divided into four general categories. First, there are problems for which there exist no human experts. For example, in modern automated manufacturing facilities, there is a need to predict machine failures before they occur by analyzing sensor readings. Because the machines are new, there are no human experts who can be interviewed by a programmer to provide the knowledge necessary to build a computer system. A machine learning system can study recorded data and subsequent machine failures and learn prediction rules. Second, there are problems where human experts exist, but where they are unable to explain their expertise. This is the case in many perceptual tasks, such as speech recognition, hand-writing recognition, and natural language understanding. Virtually all humans exhibit expert-level abilities on these tasks, but none of them can describe the detailed steps that they follow as they perform them. Fortunately, humans can provide machines with examples of the inputs and correct outputs for these tasks, so machine learning algorithms can learn to map the inputs to the outputs. Third, there are problems where phenomena are changing rapidly. In finance, for example, people would like to predict the future behavior of the stock market, of consumer purchases, or of exchange rates. These behaviors change frequently, so that even if a programmer could construct a good predictive computer program, it would need to be rewritten frequently. A learning program can relieve the programmer of this burden by constantly modifying and tuning a set of learned prediction rules. Fourth, there are applications that need to be customized for each computer user separately. Consider, for example, a program to filter unwanted electronic mail messages. Different users will need different filters. It is unreasonable to expect each user to program his or her own rules, and it is infeasible to provide every user with a software engineer to keep the rules up-to-date. A machine learning system can learn which mail messages the user rejects and maintain the filtering rules automatically. Machine learning addresses many of the same research questions as the fields of statistics, data mining, and psychology, but with differences of emphasis. Statistics focuses on understanding the phenomena that have generated the data, often with the goal of testing different hypotheses about those phenomena. Data mining seeks to find patterns in the data that are understandable by people. Psychological studies of human learning aspire to understand the mechanisms underlying the various learning behaviors exhibited by people (concept learning, skill acquisition, strategy change, etc.).

13,246 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The objective of this review paper is to summarize and compare some of the well-known methods used in various stages of a pattern recognition system and identify research topics and applications which are at the forefront of this exciting and challenging field.
Abstract: The primary goal of pattern recognition is supervised or unsupervised classification. Among the various frameworks in which pattern recognition has been traditionally formulated, the statistical approach has been most intensively studied and used in practice. More recently, neural network techniques and methods imported from statistical learning theory have been receiving increasing attention. The design of a recognition system requires careful attention to the following issues: definition of pattern classes, sensing environment, pattern representation, feature extraction and selection, cluster analysis, classifier design and learning, selection of training and test samples, and performance evaluation. In spite of almost 50 years of research and development in this field, the general problem of recognizing complex patterns with arbitrary orientation, location, and scale remains unsolved. New and emerging applications, such as data mining, web searching, retrieval of multimedia data, face recognition, and cursive handwriting recognition, require robust and efficient pattern recognition techniques. The objective of this review paper is to summarize and compare some of the well-known methods used in various stages of a pattern recognition system and identify research topics and applications which are at the forefront of this exciting and challenging field.

6,527 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A common theoretical framework for combining classifiers which use distinct pattern representations is developed and it is shown that many existing schemes can be considered as special cases of compound classification where all the pattern representations are used jointly to make a decision.
Abstract: We develop a common theoretical framework for combining classifiers which use distinct pattern representations and show that many existing schemes can be considered as special cases of compound classification where all the pattern representations are used jointly to make a decision. An experimental comparison of various classifier combination schemes demonstrates that the combination rule developed under the most restrictive assumptions-the sum rule-outperforms other classifier combinations schemes. A sensitivity analysis of the various schemes to estimation errors is carried out to show that this finding can be justified theoretically.

5,670 citations

Book
01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: Professor Ripley brings together two crucial ideas in pattern recognition; statistical methods and machine learning via neural networks in this self-contained account.
Abstract: From the Publisher: Pattern recognition has long been studied in relation to many different (and mainly unrelated) applications, such as remote sensing, computer vision, space research, and medical imaging. In this book Professor Ripley brings together two crucial ideas in pattern recognition; statistical methods and machine learning via neural networks. Unifying principles are brought to the fore, and the author gives an overview of the state of the subject. Many examples are included to illustrate real problems in pattern recognition and how to overcome them.This is a self-contained account, ideal both as an introduction for non-specialists readers, and also as a handbook for the more expert reader.

5,632 citations