There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

From the Publisher:
A valuable reference for the novice as well as for the expert who needs a wider scope of coverage within the area of cryptography, this book provides easy and rapid access of information and includes more than 200 algorithms and protocols; more than 200 tables and figures; more than 1,000 numbered definitions, facts, examples, notes, and remarks; and over 1,250 significant references, including brief comments on each paper.

Handbook of Applied Cryptography

Resolving the molecular details of proteome variation in the different tissues and organs of the human body will greatly increase our knowledge of human biology and disease. Here, we present a map of the human tissue proteome based on an integrated omics approach that involves quantitative transcriptomics at the tissue and organ level, combined with tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry, to achieve spatial localization of proteins down to the single-cell level. Our tissue-based analysis detected more than 90% of the putative protein-coding genes. We used this approach to explore the human secretome, the membrane proteome, the druggable proteome, the cancer proteome, and the metabolic functions in 32 different tissues and organs. All the data are integrated in an interactive Web-based database that allows exploration of individual proteins, as well as navigation of global expression patterns, in all major tissues and organs in the human body.

Tissue-based map of the human proteome

Cryptosystem designers frequently assume that secrets will be manipulated in closed, reliable computing environments. Unfortunately, actual computers and microchips leak information about the operations they process. This paper examines specific methods for analyzing power consumption measurements to find secret keys from tamper resistant devices. We also discuss approaches for building cryptosystems that can operate securely in existing hardware that leaks information.

/pdf/differential-power-analysis-4t7fjmuc7b.pdf

Differential Power Analysis

The security, complexity, and application of two schemes for using an untrusted auxiliary processor to aid smart card RSA signature computations are reviewed, including detailed analysis of possible methods of attack. Guidance is given on practical, secure use of these schemes. >

Parameter selection for server-aided RSA computation schemes

CardSpace (formerly known as InfoCard) is a Digital Identity Management system that has recently been adopted by Microsoft. In this paper we identify two security flaws in CardSpace that may lead to a serious privacy violation. The first flaw is the reliance on Internet user judgements of the trustworthiness of service providers, and the second is the reliance of the system on a single layer of authentication. We also propose a solution designed to address both flaws. Our solution is compatible with the currently deployed CardSpace identity metasystem, and should enhance the privacy of the system with minor changes to the current CardSpace framework. We also provide a security and performance analysis of the proposed solution.

/pdf/addressing-privacy-issues-in-cardspace-1kq9rs8cav.pdf

Addressing privacy issues in CardSpace

Context: GH abuse is a significant problem in many sports, and there is currently no robust test that allows detection of doping beyond a short window after administration. Objective: Our objective was to evaluate gene expression profiling in peripheral blood leukocytes in-vivo as a test for GH doping in humans. Design: Seven men and thirteen women were administered GH, 2 mg/d sc for 8 wk. Blood was collected at baseline and at 8 wk. RNA was extracted from the white cell fraction. Microarray analysis was undertaken using Agilent 44K G4112F arrays using a two-color design. Quantitative RT-PCR using TaqMan gene expression assays was performed for validation of selected differentially expressed genes. Results: GH induced an approximately 2-fold increase in circulating IGF-I that was maintained throughout the 8 wk of the study. GH induced significant changes in gene expression with 353 in women and 41 in men detected with a false discovery rate of less than 5%. None of the differentially expressed genes were ...

Detection of growth hormone doping by gene expression profiling of peripheral blood.

CardSpace (formerly known as InfoCard) is a digital identity management system that has recently been adopted by Microsoft. In this paper we identify two security shortcomings in CardSpace that could lead to a serious privacy violation. The first is its reliance on user judgements of the trustworthiness of service providers, and the second is its reliance on a single layer of authentication. We also propose a modification designed to address both flaws. The proposed approach is compatible with the currently deployed CardSpace identity metasystem and should enhance the privacy of the system whilst involving only minor changes to the current CardSpace framework. We also provide a security and performance analysis of the proposal.

/pdf/improving-the-security-of-cardspace-2aj3i11pzi.pdf

Improving the Security of CardSpace

Two new algorithms that facilitate the implementation of RSA in software are described. Both algorithms are essentially concerned with performing modular arithmetic operations on very large numbers, which could be of potential use to applications other than RSA. One algorithm performs modular reduction and the other performs modular multiplication. Both algorithms are based on the use of look-up tables to enable the arithmetic computations to be done on a byte by byte basis.

Chris J. Mitchell

Papers

Parameter selection for server-aided RSA computation schemes

Addressing privacy issues in CardSpace

Detection of growth hormone doping by gene expression profiling of peripheral blood.

Improving the Security of CardSpace

Algorithms for software implementations of RSA