There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

From the Publisher:
A valuable reference for the novice as well as for the expert who needs a wider scope of coverage within the area of cryptography, this book provides easy and rapid access of information and includes more than 200 algorithms and protocols; more than 200 tables and figures; more than 1,000 numbered definitions, facts, examples, notes, and remarks; and over 1,250 significant references, including brief comments on each paper.

Handbook of Applied Cryptography

Resolving the molecular details of proteome variation in the different tissues and organs of the human body will greatly increase our knowledge of human biology and disease. Here, we present a map of the human tissue proteome based on an integrated omics approach that involves quantitative transcriptomics at the tissue and organ level, combined with tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry, to achieve spatial localization of proteins down to the single-cell level. Our tissue-based analysis detected more than 90% of the putative protein-coding genes. We used this approach to explore the human secretome, the membrane proteome, the druggable proteome, the cancer proteome, and the metabolic functions in 32 different tissues and organs. All the data are integrated in an interactive Web-based database that allows exploration of individual proteins, as well as navigation of global expression patterns, in all major tissues and organs in the human body.

Tissue-based map of the human proteome

Cryptosystem designers frequently assume that secrets will be manipulated in closed, reliable computing environments. Unfortunately, actual computers and microchips leak information about the operations they process. This paper examines specific methods for analyzing power consumption measurements to find secret keys from tamper resistant devices. We also discuss approaches for building cryptosystems that can operate securely in existing hardware that leaks information.

/pdf/differential-power-analysis-4t7fjmuc7b.pdf

Differential Power Analysis

An increasingly common method for predicting gene activity is genome-wide chromatin immuno-precipitation of ‘active’ chromatin modifications followed by massively parallel sequencing (ChIP-seq). In order to understand better the relationship between developmentally regulated chromatin landscapes and regulation of early B cell development, we determined how differentially active promoter regions were able predict relative RNA and protein levels at the pre-pro-B and pro-B stages. Herein, we describe a novel ChIP-seq quantification method (cRPKM) to identify active promoters and a multi-omics approach that compares promoter chromatin status with ongoing active transcription (GRO-seq), steady state mRNA (RNA-seq), inferred mRNA stability, and relative proteome abundance measurements (iTRAQ). We demonstrate that active chromatin modifications at promoters are good indicators of transcription and steady state mRNA levels. Moreover, we found that promoters with active chromatin modifications exclusively in one of these cell states frequently predicted the differential abundance of proteins. However, we found that many genes whose promoters have non-differential but active chromatin modifications also displayed changes in abundance of their cognate proteins. As expected, this large class of developmentally and differentially regulated proteins that was uncoupled from chromatin status used mostly post- transcriptional mechanisms. Strikingly, the most differentially abundant protein in our B-cell development system, 2410004B18Rik, was regulated by a posttranscriptional mechanism, which further analyses indicated was mediated by a micro RNA. These data highlight how this integrated multi-omics data set can be a useful resource in uncovering regulatory mechanisms. This data can be accessed at: https://usegalaxy.org/u/thereddylab/p/prediction-of-gene-activity-based-on-an-integrative-multiomics- analysis

https://www.longdom.org/open-access/prediction-of-gene-activity-in-early-b-cell-development-based-on-an-integrative-multiomics-analysis-jpb.1000302.pdf

Prediction of Gene Activity in Early B Cell Development Based on an Integrative Multi-Omics Analysis

At present, network users have to remember a user-name and a corresponding password for every service with which they are registered. Single sign-on (SSO) has been proposed as a solution to the usability, security and management implications of this situation. Under SSO, users authenticate themselves only once to an entity termed the 'authentication service provider' (ASP) and subsequently use disparate service providers (SPs) without re-authenticating. The information about the user's authentication status is handled between the ASP and the desired SP in a manner transparent to the user. We propose an SSO protocol where a GSM or UMTS operator plays the role of the ASP and by which its subscribers can be authenticated to SPs without any user interaction and in a way that preserves the user's privacy and mobility. The protocol requires only minimal changes to the deployed GSM infrastructure.

/pdf/using-gsm-umts-for-single-sign-on-3zqv4581ob.pdf

Using GSM/UMTS for single sign-on

In two experiments, participants received exposure to complex checkerboards (e.g., AX and BX) that consisted of small distinctive features (A and B) superimposed on a larger common background (X). Subsequent discrimination between AX and BX, assessed by a same-different task, was facilitated when the stimuli were presented on alternate trials in preexposure--a perceptual learning effect (Experiment 1). The hypothesis that this form of exposure results in more accurate representations of the unique features was supported in Experiment 1, which showed that participants were well able to match the color of the feature with its shape. Experiment 2 showed that exposure to A and B in isolation, intermixed with presentations of AX and BX, enhanced the perceptual learning effect, which confirmed that the better encoding of the unique features during intermixed preexposure is a direct cause of the enhanced discrimination observed following preexposure on this schedule.

https://www-users.york.ac.uk/~gh1/pdf/2011Lavis,Kadib.pdf

Memory for, and salience of, the unique features of similar stimuli in perceptual learning.

A major problem of mobile agents is their inability to authenticate transactions in a hostile environment. Users will not wish to equip agents with their private signature keys when the agents may execute on untrusted platforms. Undetachable signatures were introduced to solve this problem by allowing users to equip agents with the means to sign signatures for tightly constrained transactions, using information especially derived from the user private signature key. However, the problem remains that a platform can force an agent to commit to a sub-optimal transaction. In parallel with the work on undetachable signatures, much work has been performedon threshold signature schemes, which allow signing power to be distributed across multiple agents, thereby reducing the trust in a single entity. We combine these notions and introduce the concept of an undetachable threshold signature scheme, which enables constrained signing power to be distributed across multiple agents, thus reducing the necessary trust in single agent platforms. We also provide an RSA-based example of such a scheme basedon a combination of Shoup's threshold signature scheme, [1] and Kotzanikolaou et al's undetachable signature scheme, [2].

Undetachable Threshold Signatures

The PCBC block cipher mode of operation has many variants, of which one, due to Meyer and Matyas, dates back over 20 years. Whilst a particularly simple variant of PCBC has long been known to be very weak when used for data integrity protection, the Meyer-Matyas variant has not previously been attacked. In this paper we cryptanalyse this mode, and show that it possesses a serious weakness when used for data integrity protection. Specifically, we show how to construct an existential forgery using only a single known ciphertext message and a modest amount of known plaintext (this could be as little as three plaintext blocks). We also describe a ciphertext-only existential forgery attack against another, recently proposed, PCBC-variant called M-PCBC.

/pdf/cryptanalysis-of-two-variants-of-pcbc-mode-when-used-for-2pfalsna09.pdf

Chris J. Mitchell

Papers

Prediction of Gene Activity in Early B Cell Development Based on an Integrative Multi-Omics Analysis

Using GSM/UMTS for single sign-on

Memory for, and salience of, the unique features of similar stimuli in perceptual learning.

Undetachable Threshold Signatures

Cryptanalysis of two variants of PCBC mode when used for message integrity