textPurpose:
The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and validation of a multi-dimensional instrument to measure servant leadership. 
Design/Methodology/Approach 
Based on an extensive literature review and expert judgment, 99 items were formulated. In three steps, using eight samples totaling 1571 persons from The Netherlands and the UK with a diverse occupational background, a combined exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis approach was used. This was followed by an analysis of the criterion-related validity. 
Findings:
The final result is an eight-dimensional measure of 30 items: the eight dimensions being: standing back, forgiveness, courage, empowerment, accountability, authenticity, humility, and stewardship. The internal consistency of the subscales is good. The results show that the Servant Leadership Survey (SLS) has convergent validity with other leadership measures, and also adds unique elements to the leadership field. Evidence for criterion-related validity came from studies relating the eight dimensions to well-being and performance. 
Implications: 
With this survey, a valid and reliable instrument to measure the essential elements of servant leadership has been introduced.
Originality/Value 
The SLS is the first measure where the underlying factor structure was developed and confirmed across several field studies in two countries. It can be used in future studies to test the underlying premises of servant leadership theory. The SLS provides a clear picture of the key servant leadership qualities and shows where improvements can be made on the individual and organizational level; as such, it may also offer a valuable starting point for training and leadership development.

The Servant Leadership Survey: Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Measure

Covid-19 has led to the closure of educational institutions around the world and turned formal learning into distance learning. This study aims to investigate the effect of e-learning infrastructure and individual’s knowledge and competence on distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak in 2020. E-learning infrastructure and individual’s cognitive competence were also used to determine the readiness of educational institutions in distance learning. The e-learning infrastructure includes Learning Management System (LMS), electronic devices, communication applications, and internet accessibility. Quantitative approach was used in this study with a sample of 324 participants from three major universities in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data were collected through online surveys. The descriptive statistical approach and one-layer regression analysis were used to examine the problems raised in this study. The results show that distance learning is positively influenced by e-learning infrastructure and the cognitive competence of the students, the faculty, and administrative staff. The results also point out the university’s readiness level in adopting online learning based on their previous experience of using the learning system. Finally, the study proposes that in order to improve the e-learning process, there needs to be sufficient financial support from the government, whereas the universities are advised to conduct workshops and training, and to provide teleconferencing applications.

/pdf/the-role-of-e-learning-infrastructure-and-cognitive-1yxewjg9mv.pdf

The role of e-learning infrastructure and cognitive competence in distance learning effectiveness during the covid-19 pandemic

The Nature of the Innovation Process and the New Geography of Innovation

Over of the past several years, there have been rigorous discussions about the significance of knowledge management (KM) within the organization and the society. The management of knowledge is endorsed as a significant and essential factor for organizational existence and maintenance of ambitious strength. This article provides an in-depth knowledge of factors affecting KM. Literatures from 1992 to 2018 are covered in this article, 169 research papers have been explored which are related to classification of knowledge, factors affecting KM, KM tools and its planning & application. Various frameworks related to the successful implementation of KM and KM implementation tools proposed by previous authors are presented in this research article. KM is defined, classification of KM is presented, factors affecting KM are shown and its implementation strategies & tools are elucidated in available literatures in discrete manner.

Knowledge Management & It's Origin, Success Factors, Planning, Tools, Applications, Barriers and Enablers: A Review

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand how micro and small firms are navigating through the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) threat, and the alternatives they are implementing to coexist with the ongoing crisis To this end, Italy's socioeconomically and traditionally significant wine industry is examined The study considers insights of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and develops a theoretical framework, which proposes various emerging theoretical dimensions, including proactiveness, support-reliance and resourcefulness Design/methodology/approach: Winery owners–managers were contacted and invited to partake in the study completing an online questionnaire Overall, 167 useable responses were collected Findings: While facing the loss of vital income through decreasing demand and exports, participants resort to exploiting various initiatives, including “reinventing” their firms Their observations also recognise the vital supporting role of various key stakeholders, first and foremost family members, as well as clients and staff Concerning how owners-managers envision managing their firm post-COVID-19, two predominant groups are identified, one strongly favouring modern-day alternatives, and the second committing to the firm's traditional business model Overall, the different predictors of the TPB, namely attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control emerged Originality/value: This study is one of the first that empirically analyses micro and small firms in a socioeconomically and traditionally significant industry during an unprecedented event In addition, the proposed theoretical framework provides a roadmap and guide to examine, understand and assimilate the entrepreneurial journey through a devastating event © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited

Confronting the unprecedented: micro and small businesses in the age of COVID-19

The purpose of this research is to analyse the practices of virtual reality marketing in the Bali tourism sector in Indonesia. This is a qualitative and descriptive research with the purposive samp...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13683500.2020.1870940

The practices of virtual reality marketing in the tourism sector, a case study of Bali, Indonesia

Orientation: This study aims to analyse the entrepreneurship-driven reasons and characteristics of employee management of the young generation, by analysing the role of psychological contract on employee commitment and organisational citizenship behaviour in the light of the characteristics of the millennial generation as the owners of small and medium-sized enterprises Research purpose: The main objective of this study was to empirically analyse the effect of the psychological contract and organisational support on the organisational commitment and organisational citizenship behaviour of the employees of small-scale enterprises run by young entrepreneurs, especially in the cohort generation Motivation for the study: This study attempts to analyse the characteristics of the millennial generation as the owners of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in running the business by examining their managerial characteristics in managing workplace relationship that aims to achieve the stakeholder expectations and improve both commitment and organisational citizenship behaviour of employees Research design, approach and method: Data were collected in the SMEs owned by young entrepreneurs in a city in Indonesia involving 150 respondents The research model was tested using Structural Equation Modelling with analysis of moment structure (AMOS) Main findings: The results showed that the employee citizenship behaviour is influenced by the organisational commitment The commitment of employees was formed by the ability of business owners to understand the needs and expectations of employees regarding opportunities of self-development, pleasant working environment, the benefit as the workload and the work challenge Practical and managerial implications: This study implies the need for academic institutions and policy makers to get involved in addressing the rising phenomenon of entrepreneurship among the young generation Contribution and added-value: This study mainly considered the characteristics of young entrepreneurs as the main factor in explaining the success of employee management relationship of SMEs

/pdf/the-role-of-psychological-contract-on-employee-commitment-92uffdqjn9.pdf

The role of psychological contract on employee commitment and organisational citizenship behaviour: A study of indonesian young entrepreneurs in management action

Research in the field of banking business management during a pandemic requires the cooperation of organizations with the changing business environment. Resources that are able to be managed effectively and efficiently at the Central Kalimantan Regional Bank in Indonesia are thus managed in an effort to support the organization. The key to the bank’s performance as an innovative organization lies in the core business values that are strengthened by organizational resources, so that the focus of value innovation becomes the activities that improve business performance as a mediating factor between external and internal factors. Research was conducted on 250 senior employees with quantitative analysis using the Structural Equation Modelling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) statistical tool. It was found that external factors originating from market orientation and social capital significantly improved business performance. The success of the mediation process as a novelty research conceptual research has significant positive results as a core business innovation to improve the business performance of Central Kalimantan regional banks. The research objective is to improve banking performance by collaborating between consumer needs, value innovation and social capital as a trigger for excellent change in Bank Kal-Teng. The value of this research is as a reference for innovating capability value as the main business strategy using information from external factors, so as to improve the bank’s business performance as needed.

https://www.mdpi.com/2199-8531/6/4/140/pdf

The Role of Value Innovation Capabilities in the Influence of Market Orientation and Social Capital to Improving the Performance of Central Kalimantan Bank in Indonesia

Empirical results state that large number of Eastern Asia managers in Banten province lack of technology mastery. It causes low employees productivity. The purpose of this study is to search for explanation of causality among variables to assess research hypotheses. Population used in this study is employees in an organization led by foreign managers from Eastern Asia. Purposive sampling technique is used to decide samples. Criteria to determine samples are: 1) operating in Banten province; 2) employing foreign workers, and 3) having at least 300 workers. There are 200 distributed questionnaires in this study, and 138 manageable questionnaires are left. Main results from this study state that technology transfer motive influences the strength of relationship, local employee personal capacity and technology mastery. Also, it impacts the strength of relationship and local employee personal capacity in the enhancement of employees productivity, yet, technology mastery cannot improve employee productivity. It is in line with the results by Argote and Ingram (2000), yet, it contradicts with Nonaka’s study (1994) which states that technology competence influences productivity.

/pdf/technology-transfer-motive-of-managers-in-eastern-asia-wav4cw3h1g.pdf

Technology transfer motive of managers in Eastern Asia: empirical results from manufacture industry in Banten province, Indonesia

This﻿article﻿aims﻿at﻿proofing﻿empirically﻿the﻿influence﻿of﻿social﻿interaction﻿in﻿knowledge﻿sharing﻿ by﻿focusing﻿on﻿key﻿persons﻿and﻿the﻿way﻿the﻿knowledge-sharing﻿is﻿spread﻿in﻿order﻿to﻿produce﻿some﻿ outcome﻿for﻿the﻿organization﻿through﻿individuals﻿within﻿it.﻿The﻿object﻿of﻿this﻿study﻿is﻿employees﻿of﻿ Post﻿Offices﻿in﻿Central﻿Java﻿who﻿frequently﻿share﻿information﻿with﻿their﻿co-workers﻿in﻿accomplishing﻿ their﻿jobs.﻿The﻿data﻿is﻿acquired﻿from﻿questionnaires﻿distributed﻿to﻿managers﻿and﻿supervisor﻿level﻿of﻿ Post﻿office.﻿Based﻿on﻿purposive﻿sampling﻿method,﻿210﻿samples﻿are﻿obtained.﻿The﻿results﻿indicate﻿that﻿ the﻿five﻿hypotheseses﻿built﻿in﻿this﻿research﻿are﻿supported﻿and﻿only﻿one﻿hypothesis﻿is﻿not﻿supported.﻿ The﻿result﻿shows﻿that﻿employees﻿with﻿specific,﻿complicated,﻿and﻿challenging﻿objective﻿will﻿be﻿more﻿ willing﻿to﻿share﻿their﻿knowledge﻿to﻿other﻿employees,﻿particularly﻿when﻿facing﻿new﻿job﻿and﻿target.﻿ Furthermore,﻿the﻿result﻿of﻿the﻿study﻿explains﻿that﻿sharing﻿idea﻿of﻿improvement﻿will﻿encourage﻿more﻿ dynamic﻿teamwork﻿and﻿help﻿each﻿other﻿in﻿solving﻿any﻿problems. KeyWoRDS Affective Commitment, Career Success, Critical Moment, Goal Setting, Knowledge Sharing, Teamwork Quality

Christantius Dwiatmadja

Papers

The practices of virtual reality marketing in the tourism sector, a case study of Bali, Indonesia

The role of psychological contract on employee commitment and organisational citizenship behaviour: A study of indonesian young entrepreneurs in management action

The Role of Value Innovation Capabilities in the Influence of Market Orientation and Social Capital to Improving the Performance of Central Kalimantan Bank in Indonesia

Technology transfer motive of managers in Eastern Asia: empirical results from manufacture industry in Banten province, Indonesia

Knowledge Sharing in a Critical Moment of Work: A Driver for Success?