Temporal and spatial resolution of rainfall measurements required for urban hydrology

Assessing the effect of integrating elevation data into the estimation of monthly precipitation in Great Britain

Impact of small-scale spatial rainfall variability on runoff modeling

Impact of imperfect rainfall knowledge on the efficiency and the parameters of watershed models

A procedure for real-time correction of spatially nonuniform bias in radar rainfall data using rain gauge measurements is described. Developed to complement the existing gauge-based bias correction procedures used in the National Weather Service (NWS), the proposed procedure is a generalized local bias estimator that may be used under varying conditions of rain gauge network density and types of rainfall. To arrive at the procedure, the correction problem is formulated as a space–time estimation of radar and bin-averaged gauge rainfall from radar rainfall data and rain gauge measurements, respectively, at all hours up to and including the current hour. The estimation problem is then solved suboptimally via a variant of exponential smoothing. To evaluate the procedure, parameter estimation and true validation were performed using hourly radar-rainfall and rain gauge data from the Arkansas–Red Basin River Forecast Center (ABRFC) area. The results indicate that the proposed procedure is generally su...

https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/1525-7541%282002%29003%3C0093%3ARTCOSN%3E2.0.CO%3B2

Real-Time Correction of Spatially Nonuniform Bias in Radar Rainfall Data Using Rain Gauge Measurements

We propose a simple procedure for the real-time estimation of the average rainfall over a catchment area. The rainfall is modeled as a two-dimensional random field. The average areal rainfall is computed by a linear unbiased minimum variance estimation method (kriging) which requires knowledge of the variogram of the random field. We propose a time-varying estimator for the variogram which takes into account the influences of both the seasonal variations and the rainfall intensity. Our average areal rainfall estimator has been implemented in practice. We illustrate its application to real data in two river basins in Belgium. Finally, it is shown how the method can be used for the optimal selection of the rain gauge locations in a basin.

/pdf/optimal-estimation-of-the-average-areal-rainfall-and-optimal-4yny6ae6r7.pdf

Optimal Estimation of the Average Areal Rainfall and Optimal Selection of Rain Gauge Locations

A simple procedure for the real-time estimation of the average rainfall over a catchment area is described. The rainfall is modelled as a 2-dimensional random field (RF). The average areal rainfall is computed by a linear unbiased minimum variance estimation method (Kriging) which requires the knowledge of the variogram of the random field. A time-varying estimator for the variogram which takes into account the influences of both the seasonal variations and the rainfall intensity is proposed. The average areal rainfall estimator has been implemented in practice. Its application to real data in two river basins in Belgium is presented. Finally, it is shown how the method can be used for the optimal selection of the rain-gauge locations in a basin.

Optimal estimation of the average areal rainfall and optimal selection of rain-gauge locations

Optimal Estimation of the Average Areal Rainfall Over a Basin and Optimal Selection of Rain-Gauge Locations

Using a linear minimum variance unbiased estimation procedure for the estimation of spatially distributed random variables (called `Kriging' by geostatisticians) the authors solve the following problems: estimate the average areal rainfall over a catchment area from measurements in a few rain-gauges; and find the measurement locations that will give the most accurate estimate of this areal rainfall. Furthermore they show that the estimated areal rainfall depends only on the location of the rain-gauges, and that one can find the measurement locations leading to the smallest estimation error variance.

Christian Duque

Papers

Optimal Estimation of the Average Areal Rainfall and Optimal Selection of Rain Gauge Locations

Optimal estimation of the average areal rainfall and optimal selection of rain-gauge locations

Optimal Estimation of the Average Areal Rainfall Over a Basin and Optimal Selection of Rain-Gauge Locations

Optimal estimation of the average areal rainfall over a basin and optimal selection of rain-gauge locations