Sexual transmission of HIV in China is rapidly increasing in part driven by commercial sex work. This article examines variations in occupational control among one type of brothel-based prostitutes in China and the relationship between the terms and content of this work and the risk of HIV/AIDS. Organizational factors are discussed as part of the current political economic and social context of sex work in China. The analysis is based on ethnographic observation and in-depth interviews conducted in south China in 2000 and 2001 involving 158 female prostitutes from 45 brothels in 4 red light districts. Qualitative analysis of interview and observational data used development of thematic codes measuring occupational control. Brothel-based female sex workers in China are a heterogeneous population displaying considerable variability in the organization of life and work relationships with managers and clients ability to negotiate condom use knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV and occupational identity all of which may result in different risks of acquiring HIV. HIV prevention activities in China must focus on sociocultural aspects of sex work. Such interventions depend on detailed knowledge of its organization. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of prevention activities directed at the brothel managers and clients as well as the sex workers. (authors)

HIV／AIDS risk among brothel-based female sex workers in China： Assessing the terms, content, and knowledge of sex work

This indispensable guide for students of both Chinese and women's history synthesizes recent research on women in twentieth-century China. Written by a leading historian of China, it surveys more than 650 scholarly works, discussing Chinese women in the context of marriage, family, sexuality, labor, and national modernity. In the process, Hershatter offers keen analytic insights and judgments about the works themselves and the evolution of related academic fields. The result is both a practical bibliographic tool and a thoughtful reflection on how we approach the past.

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Women in China's Long Twentieth Century

Bibliography of urban history 2018

The study of women in twentieth-century China has expanded so quickly in the past two decades that a state-of-the-field survey becomes outdated in the time that it takes to assemble and write one. This burgeoning area of inquiry draws its inspiration and approaches from many sources outside "the China field," a realm no longer hermetically sealed within exclusive logics of sinology or area studies. Research about Chinese women has been enriched by the growth of women's studies abroad and in China; by debates about gender as a category of analysis and its uneasy relationship to sex and sexuality; by conversations inside established scholarly disciplines about gender's entanglement with politics, migration, nation building, and modernity; by discussions across the disciplines about agency, resistance, subjectivity, and voice; and by several waves of refigured Marxism in the wake of feminist activity, the demise of socialism, and the development of postcolonial scholarship. During the same period, available sources and opportunities for research and fieldwork in China have expanded for both Chinese scholars and foreigners, giving rise to scholarly conversations that sometimes intersect and sometimes trace utterly separate trajectories. To complicate a state-of-the-field project even further, writing about women routinely crosses disciplinary boundaries. For China the disciplines that investigate "women" shift with the period of time under investigation as well as with changing disciplinary norms. History, for instance, used to stop at the edge of the People's

State of the Field: Women in China's Long Twentieth Century

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Dissecting modernity : anatomy and power in the language of science in China

Introduction: prostitution and sexuality: a historiographical review 1. The courtesans from the nineteenth to the twentieth centuries: the end of a world 2. Lives of splendor and wretchedness 3. From the high class brothel to mass sexuality: the explosion of common prostitution from 1849 to 1949 4. The ancillary forms of prostitution 5. The prostitutes in the twentieth century: an essay in social anthropology 6. Sex, suffering and violence 7. The female market in Shanghai and China 8. The houses of prostitution in the urban space 9. The organization and management of the houses of prostitution 10.The economy of sex 11. Disease prevention and the policing of morality 12. The abolitionist movement in Shanghai (1915-1925) 13. The Nationalists and regulationism Chinese style (1927-1949) 14. The institutions for the rescue of the prostitutes (1880-1949) Conclusion.

Prostitution and Sexuality in Shanghai: A Social History, 1849–1949

In 1927, China's newly ascendant Guomindang (GMD) regime had a fragile hold on authority in the country at large. Shanghai, China's most prosperous city, thus became a key place for the regime to establish control. In examining the policies of the Shanghai Municipal Government from 1927 to 1937 and their impact on daily life, Christian Henriot also addresses the larger question of state-society relations during the Nationalist period. Henriot examines the interaction of the three groups competing for power: the municipal administrators, GMD political activists, and members of the local business elites. By investigating the relations among individuals in these groups, Henriot highlights the complex web of connections in the city. He also explores attempts to modernize education, health, urban planning, and assistance to the poor, arguing that they were more effective than scholars previously thought. "Shanghai, 1927-1937" contributes significantly to our understanding of modern Chinese urban history.

Shanghai, 1927-1937: Municipal Power, Locality, and Modernization

New Frontiers: Imperialism's New Communities in East Asia, 1842-1953

Passivity, Resistance, and Collaboration: Intellectual Choices in Occupied Shanghai, 1937-1945.

General Editor's introduction 1. Introduction - Robert Bickers and Christian Henriot 2. Colonialism 'in a Chinese atmosphere': the Caldwell affair and the perils of collaboration in early colonial Hong Kong - Christopher Munn 3. Marginal Westerners in Shanghai: The Baghdadi Jewish community, 1845-1931 - Chiara Betta 4. Indian communities in China, c. 1842-1949 - Claude Markovits 5. Foreigners or outsiders? Westerners and Chinese Christians in Chongqing, 1870s-1900 - Judith Wyman 6. The Japanese and the Jews: a comparative analysis of their communities in Harbin, 1898-1930 - Joshua A. Fogel 7. Japanese colonial citizenship in treaty port China: the location of Koreans and Taiwanese in the imperial order - Barbara J. Brooks 8. Denied and besieged: the Japanese community of Korea, 1876-1945 - Alain Delissen 9. 'Little Japan' in Shanghai: an insulated community, 1875-1945 - Christian Henriot 10. Who were the Shanghai Municipal Police and why where they there? The British recruits of 1919 - Robert Bickers 11. The Russian diaspora community in Shanghai - Marcia R. Ristaino 12. In search of identity: the German community in Shanghai, 1933-45 - Francoise Kreissler 13. The Shanghai American community, 1937-49 - Mark F. Wilkinson 14. Afterword: a colonial world - John Darwin Bibliography Index

Christian Henriot

Papers

Prostitution and Sexuality in Shanghai: A Social History, 1849–1949

Shanghai, 1927-1937: Municipal Power, Locality, and Modernization

New Frontiers: Imperialism's New Communities in East Asia, 1842-1953

Passivity, Resistance, and Collaboration: Intellectual Choices in Occupied Shanghai, 1937-1945.

New Frontiers: Imperialism's New Communities in East Asia, 1842-1953