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Christopher G. Burd

Bio: Christopher G. Burd is an academic researcher from Yale University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Endosome & Golgi apparatus. The author has an hindex of 48, co-authored 74 publications receiving 11979 citations. Previous affiliations of Christopher G. Burd include Howard Hughes Medical Institute & Northwestern University.
Topics: Endosome, Golgi apparatus, Retromer, Rab, GTPase


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
06 Feb 2004-Science
TL;DR: Because digenic interactions are common in yeast, similar networks may underlie the complex genetics associated with inherited phenotypes in other organisms.
Abstract: A genetic interaction network containing approximately 1000 genes and approximately 4000 interactions was mapped by crossing mutations in 132 different query genes into a set of approximately 4700 viable gene yeast deletion mutants and scoring the double mutant progeny for fitness defects. Network connectivity was predictive of function because interactions often occurred among functionally related genes, and similar patterns of interactions tended to identify components of the same pathway. The genetic network exhibited dense local neighborhoods; therefore, the position of a gene on a partially mapped network is predictive of other genetic interactions. Because digenic interactions are common in yeast, similar networks may underlie the complex genetics associated with inherited phenotypes in other organisms.

2,037 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
29 Jul 1994-Science
TL;DR: The major RNA-binding motifs are described and examples of how they may function are given.
Abstract: In eukaryotic cells, a multitude of RNA-binding proteins play key roles in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Characterization of these proteins has led to the identification of several RNA-binding motifs, and recent experiments have begun to illustrate how several of them bind RNA. The significance of these interactions is reflected in the recent discoveries that several human and other vertebrate genetic disorders are caused by aberrant expression of RNA-binding proteins. The major RNA-binding motifs are described and examples of how they may function are given.

1,886 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The hnRNP Proteins Definition and Experimental Criteria and Posttranslational Modifications are described.
Abstract: II. THE hnRNP PROTEINS . Definition and Experimental Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Human . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other Organisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Posttranslational Modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,509 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work demonstrates that cysteine-rich RING domains of the FYVE finger subfamily bind specifically to Ptdlns phosphorylated exclusively at the D-3 position of the inositol ring, establishing a molecular link between Vps34 PI(3)K and several FYVE domain-containing proteins required for vacuolar/lysosomal protein trafficking.

483 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: UV light‐induced protein‐RNA crosslinking in nuclear extracts demonstrated that an oligoribonucleotide containing the A1 winner sequence can be used as a specific affinity reagent for hnRNP A1 and an unidentified 50 kDa protein, and it was shown that this oligoribia containing 5′ and 3′ pre‐mRNA splice sites are potent inhibitors of in vitro pre‐ mRNA splicing.
Abstract: Pre-mRNA is processed as a large complex of pre-mRNA, snRNPs and pre-mRNA binding proteins (hnRNP proteins). The significance of hnRNP proteins in mRNA biogenesis is likely to be reflected in their RNA binding properties. We have determined the RNA binding specificity of hnRNP A1 and of each of its two RNA binding domains (RBDs), by selection/amplification from pools of random sequence RNA. Unique RNA molecules were selected by hnRNP A1 and each individual RBD, suggesting that the RNA binding specificity of hnRNP A1 is the result of both RBDs acting as a single RNA binding composite. Interestingly, the consensus high-affinity hnRNP A1 binding site, UAGGGA/U, resembles the consensus sequences of vertebrate 5' and 3' splice sites. The highest affinity 'winner' sequence for hnRNP A1 contained a duplication of this sequence separated by two nucleotides, and was bound by hnRNP A1 with an apparent dissociation constant of 1 x 10(-9) M. hnRNP A1 also bound other RNA sequences, including pre-mRNA splice sites and an intron-derived sequence, but with reduced affinities, demonstrating that hnRNP A1 binds different RNA sequences with a > 100-fold range of affinities. These experiments demonstrate that hnRNP A1 is a sequence-specific RNA binding protein. UV light-induced protein-RNA crosslinking in nuclear extracts demonstrated that an oligoribonucleotide containing the A1 winner sequence can be used as a specific affinity reagent for hnRNP A1 and an unidentified 50 kDa protein. We also show that this oligoribonucleotide, as well as two others containing 5' and 3' pre-mRNA splice sites, are potent inhibitors of in vitro pre-mRNA splicing.

474 citations


Cited by
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28 Jul 2005
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1(PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员,通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

18,940 citations

01 Aug 2000
TL;DR: Assessment of medical technology in the context of commercialization with Bioentrepreneur course, which addresses many issues unique to biomedical products.
Abstract: BIOE 402. Medical Technology Assessment. 2 or 3 hours. Bioentrepreneur course. Assessment of medical technology in the context of commercialization. Objectives, competition, market share, funding, pricing, manufacturing, growth, and intellectual property; many issues unique to biomedical products. Course Information: 2 undergraduate hours. 3 graduate hours. Prerequisite(s): Junior standing or above and consent of the instructor.

4,833 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The first direct evidence that miRNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II (pol II) is presented and the detailed structure of a miRNA gene is described, for the first time, by determining the promoter and the terminator of mir‐23a∼27a‐24‐2.
Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a large family of noncoding RNAs that function as guide molecules in diverse gene silencing pathways. Current efforts are focused on the regulatory function of miRNAs, while little is known about how these unusual genes themselves are regulated. Here we present the first direct evidence that miRNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II (pol II). The primary miRNA transcripts (pri‐miRNAs) contain cap structures as well as poly(A) tails, which are the unique properties of class II gene transcripts. The treatment of human cells with α‐amanitin decreased the level of pri‐miRNAs at a concentration that selectively inhibits pol II activity. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses show that pol II is physically associated with a miRNA promoter. We also describe, for the first time, the detailed structure of a miRNA gene by determining the promoter and the terminator of mir‐23a∼27a∼24‐2 . These data indicate that pol II is the main, if not the only, RNA polymerase for miRNA gene transcription. Our study offers a basis for understanding the structure and regulation of miRNA genes.

4,304 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: BioGRID is a freely accessible database of physical and genetic interactions that includes >116 000 interactions from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster and Homo sapiens.
Abstract: Access to unified datasets of protein and genetic interactions is critical for interrogation of gene/protein function and analysis of global network properties. BioGRID is a freely accessible database of physical and genetic interactions available at http://www.thebiogrid.org. BioGRID release version 2.0 includes >116 000 interactions from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster and Homo sapiens. Over 30 000 interactions have recently been added from 5778 sources through exhaustive curation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae primary literature. An internally hyper-linked web interface allows for rapid search and retrieval of interaction data. Full or user-defined datasets are freely downloadable as tab-delimited text files and PSI-MI XML. Pre-computed graphical layouts of interactions are available in a variety of file formats. User-customized graphs with embedded protein, gene and interaction attributes can be constructed with a visualization system called Osprey that is dynamically linked to the BioGRID.

3,794 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Cellular organelles in the exocytic and endocytic pathways have a distinctive spatial distribution and communicate through an elaborate system of vesiculo-tubular transport.
Abstract: Cellular organelles in the exocytic and endocytic pathways have a distinctive spatial distribution and communicate through an elaborate system of vesiculo-tubular transport. Rab proteins and their effectors coordinate consecutive stages of transport, such as vesicle formation, vesicle and organelle motility, and tethering of vesicles to their target compartment. These molecules are highly compartmentalized in organelle membranes, making them excellent candidates for determining transport specificity and organelle identity.

3,373 citations