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Christopher Ring

Bio: Christopher Ring is an academic researcher from University of Birmingham. The author has contributed to research in topics: Nociceptive flexion reflex & Moral disengagement. The author has an hindex of 52, co-authored 192 publications receiving 8091 citations. Previous affiliations of Christopher Ring include Ohio University & Stony Brook University.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Symptoms of depression and anxiety did not predict either cardiac or all-cause mortality after MI, but they did predict quality of life among those who lived to 12 months.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of symptoms of depression and anxiety on mortality and quality of life in patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS The Beck Depression Inventory and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were completed by 288 patients hospitalized for MI. Twelve-month survival status was ascertained, and quality of life among survivors was assessed at 12 months using the Dartmouth COOP charts. RESULTS Thirty-one (10.8%) patients died, 27 of cardiac causes, during the 12-month follow-up. Symptoms of depression and anxiety predicted neither cardiac nor all-cause mortality. Severity of infarction and evidence of heart failure predicted both cardiac and all-cause mortality. The same findings emerged from supplementary analyses of data from patients who died after discharge from the hospital. Symptoms of depression and anxiety, measured at entry, predicted 12-month quality of life among survivors, as did gender, partner status, employment status, living alone, previous frequency of exercise, and indices of disease severity (Killip class and Peel Index). In a multiple regression model in which all of these variables were entered, initial depression scores provided the best independent prediction of quality of life, although living alone, severity of infarction, and state anxiety also entered the model. CONCLUSIONS Symptoms of depression and anxiety did not predict either cardiac or all-cause mortality after MI, but they did predict quality of life among those who lived to 12 months.

436 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: This chapter focuses on the relationship between stress and saliva secretory immunity in humans, and the autonomic receptor types that respond to other autonomic messenger substances, such as peptides, nitric oxide, and purines.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the relationship between stress and saliva secretory immunity in humans. Salivary gland function is largely under autonomic control; the parasympathetic nerves mainly govern salivary fluid secretion, whereas the sympathetic nerves regulate protein secretion. The primary salivary centers in the brain stem receive inhibitory and excitatory inputs from neural structures in the forebrain and brain stem. As well as governing typical salivary functions, these structures are also involved in generating bodily changes associated with stress. It is, therefore, reasonable to assume that salivary changes during stress are an integral part of a centrally coordinated stress response that encompasses many other bodily functions. The autonomic receptors in the salivary glands can be divided into two main groups: the classic autonomic receptor types, which respond to either noradrenaline or acetylcholine, and the nonadrenergic–noncholinergic (NANC) receptors that respond to other autonomic messenger substances, such as peptides, nitric oxide, and purines. Differential activation of these receptor types can cause additive, synergistic, or antagonistic intracellular responses, ultimately resulting in a protein release that is capable of being differentially regulated among glands.

241 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the heartbeat counting task is not a valid method to assess cardioception, and the feedback effect was mediated by non-sensory processes rather than by training participants to detect heartbeat sensations.

198 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Signs of depression and anxiety are prevalent, persistent problems during the first year following acute myocardial infarction, and the importance of routine psychological assessment for MI patients both in hospital and after discharge is highlighted.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to assess the prevalence and persistence of symptoms of depression and anxiety during the first 12 months following acute myocardial infarction (MI). DESIGN AND METHODS: In a prospective study, 288 MI patients were assessed for symptoms of depression and anxiety using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) in hospital, 2-15 days following MI, and 4 and 12 months subsequently. RESULTS: During hospitalization, 89 (30.9%) and 75 (26.1%) patients registered elevated BDI scores (>/=10) and state anxiety scores (>/=40), respectively. The 4 and 12 month prevalence rates were 37.7% and 37.2% for depressive symptoms, and 41.8% and 40.0% for anxious symptoms, respectively. Depression and anxiety were highly co-morbid, with 51% of patients experiencing significant levels of depressive and anxious symptoms at baseline. More than half the patients with complete BDI and state anxiety data experienced either elevated symptoms of anxiety or depression throughout the first year following MI. CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms of depression and anxiety are prevalent, persistent problems during the first year following MI. This study highlights the importance of routine psychological assessment for MI patients both in hospital and after discharge.

190 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is indicated that nonattenders lived in more deprived areas and were less likely to have paid employment and exercised less frequently prior to their MI, although only the last of these variables were predicted in a multivariate model.

187 citations


Cited by
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01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: The using multivariate statistics is universally compatible with any devices to read, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of the authors' books like this one.
Abstract: Thank you for downloading using multivariate statistics. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite novels like this using multivariate statistics, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful bugs inside their laptop. using multivariate statistics is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection saves in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the using multivariate statistics is universally compatible with any devices to read.

14,604 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
06 Jun 1986-JAMA
TL;DR: The editors have done a masterful job of weaving together the biologic, the behavioral, and the clinical sciences into a single tapestry in which everyone from the molecular biologist to the practicing psychiatrist can find and appreciate his or her own research.
Abstract: I have developed "tennis elbow" from lugging this book around the past four weeks, but it is worth the pain, the effort, and the aspirin. It is also worth the (relatively speaking) bargain price. Including appendixes, this book contains 894 pages of text. The entire panorama of the neural sciences is surveyed and examined, and it is comprehensive in its scope, from genomes to social behaviors. The editors explicitly state that the book is designed as "an introductory text for students of biology, behavior, and medicine," but it is hard to imagine any audience, interested in any fragment of neuroscience at any level of sophistication, that would not enjoy this book. The editors have done a masterful job of weaving together the biologic, the behavioral, and the clinical sciences into a single tapestry in which everyone from the molecular biologist to the practicing psychiatrist can find and appreciate his or

7,563 citations

01 Jan 1982
Abstract: Introduction 1. Woman's Place in Man's Life Cycle 2. Images of Relationship 3. Concepts of Self and Morality 4. Crisis and Transition 5. Women's Rights and Women's Judgment 6. Visions of Maturity References Index of Study Participants General Index

7,539 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Motivated performance tasks elicited cortisol responses if they were uncontrollable or characterized by social-evaluative threat (task performance could be negatively judged by others), when methodological factors and other stressor characteristics were controlled for.
Abstract: This meta-analysis reviews 208 laboratory studies of acute psychological stressors and tests a theoretical model delineating conditions capable of eliciting cortisol responses. Psychological stressors increased cortisol levels; however, effects varied widely across tasks. Consistent with the theoretical model, motivated performance tasks elicited cortisol responses if they were uncontrollable or characterized by social-evaluative threat (task performance could be negatively judged by others), when methodological factors and other stressor characteristics were controlled for. Tasks containing both uncontrollable and social-evaluative elements were associated with the largest cortisol and adrenocorticotropin hormone changes and the longest times to recovery. These findings are consistent with the animal literature on the physiological effects of uncontrollable social threat and contradict the belief that cortisol is responsive to all types of stressors.

5,028 citations

Journal ArticleDOI

3,628 citations