Showing papers by "Claes-Göran Granqvist published in 2006"
TL;DR: Electrochromic materials have been around for more than 30 years and have found some applications in niche areas, but now, thanks to new electro chromic materials and manufacturing procedures, electrochromism may become a household word.
Abstract: Electrochromic materials have been around for more than 30 years and have found some applications in niche areas. Now, thanks to new electrochromic materials and manufacturing procedures, electrochromism may become a household word.
292 citations
TL;DR: In this article, pure and activated (doped) nanocrystalline WO 3 films, produced by advanced reactive gas deposition, were investigated for gas sensing applications, and the sensitivity was found to lie below and around the ppm level for H 2 S, CO, and NO 2, respectively.
Abstract: Pure and activated (doped) nanocrystalline WO 3 films, produced by advanced reactive gas deposition, were investigated for gas sensing applications. Activation took place by co-evaporation of Al or Au with tungsten oxide as the particles were produced. Structural characterization of the films was performed by electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry. Sensitivity, response time, and recovery time of the sensors were systematically investigated as a function of annealing and operating temperature, using H 2 S, CO, and NO 2 as test gases. The sensitivity was found to lie below and around the ppm level for H 2 S and NO 2 , respectively.
93 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the changes in the heat load on the face as a function of motorcycle helmet visor configuration (normal and tinted) using a thermal head manikin and (n = 8 ) human subjects.
69 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the stochastic signal component (fluctuationenhanced signal) originating from resistance fluctuations and the dc resistance (classical sensor signal) were measured during exposure to ethanol and hydrogen gas.
Abstract: Nanoparticle films of Pd xWO3, with x being 0.01 or 0.12, were made by dual-beam gas evaporation. The stochastic signal component (fluctuation-enhanced signal) originating from resistance fluctuations and the dc resistance (classical sensor signal) were measured during exposure to ethanol and hydrogen gas. For ethanol concentrations exceeding 50 ppm, changes in the resistance fluctuations gave 300 times larger detection sensitivity than changes in the dc resistance. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
66 citations
27 Jan 2006
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of solar energy materials with emphasis on thermal applications of a variety of kinds, such as photocatalysis and photovoltaics.
Abstract: Solar energy materials have properties tailored to meet requirements set by the spectral distribution, angle of incidence, and intensity of the electromagnetic radiation prevailing in our natural surroundings. Specifically, the optimization can be performed with regard to solar irradiation, thermal emission, atmospheric absorption, visible light, and photosynthetic efficiency. Materials for thermal and electrical conversion of solar energy in manmade collectors, as well as for energy-efficient passive design in architecture, are typical examples. This article reviews solar energy materials with emphasis on thermal applications of a variety of kinds. Electrical applications are given a more cursory exposition, the reason being that a systems perspective, rather that a materials perspective, is most fruitful in this case.
Keywords:
solar energy;
materials;
thin films;
solar collectors;
solar cells;
energy efficient windows;
radiative cooling;
chromogenic materials;
smart windows;
photocatalysis
36 citations
TL;DR: Hybrid WO3-CNT (carbon nanotube) films were prepared in two steps: in the first step, the drop coating method was employed for coating silicon substrates with a multiwalled CNT film prepared with oxygen plasma functionalized MWCNTs; in the second step, a layer of wO3 nanoparticles was deposited over the mWCNT film by using an advanced gas deposition unit.
Abstract: Hybrid WO3–CNT (carbon nanotube) films were prepared in two steps: in the first step, the drop coating method was employed for coating silicon substrates with a MWCNT (multiwalled CNT) film prepared with oxygen plasma functionalized MWCNTs; in the second step, a layer of WO3 nanoparticles was deposited over the MWCNT film by using an advanced gas deposition unit. The WO3 nanoparticles are formed by condensation. SEM images show that the morphology of the hybrid films is characterized by an overlayer formed from WO3 particles anchored at the surface of a well-dispersed MWCNT underlayer. TEM images show that the hybrid films are composed of a WO3 matrix supported through a dispersed mesh of CNTs—the CNTs act as internal pillars. This morphology increases the surface area for gas interaction.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a set of thin films of indium nitride, InN, were obtained by post treatment in dinitrogen, N2, in the temperature range 350-500 °C, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction, optical-, resistivity- and photoelectrochemical measurements for the aim of direct watersplitting in a photoelectron cell.
7 citations
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: Fluctuation-Enhanced Chemical/Biological Sensing and Prompt Identification of Bacteria by Sensing of Phage-Triggered Ion Cascade (SEPTIC)
Abstract: Fluctuation-Enhanced Chemical/Biological Sensing and Prompt Identification of Bacteria by Sensing of Phage-Triggered Ion Cascade (SEPTIC)
4 citations
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: Iridium Based Oxides: Recent Advances in Coloration Mechanism, Structural and Morphological Characterization as mentioned in this paper, is an example of a coloration approach based on iridium-based oxides.
Abstract: Iridium Based Oxides: Recent Advances in Coloration Mechanism, Structural and Morphological Characterization.
1 citations